干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): Urbanization, proto-industrialization, and virtual water in the medieval Middle East

Arid

DOI	10.1016/j.jhg.2024.05.006
	Urbanization, proto-industrialization, and virtual water in the medieval Middle East
	Khaneiki, Majid Labbaf; Emamzadeh, Zohreh; Al-Ghafri, Abdullah Saif; Haghighi, Ali Torabi
通讯作者	Khaneiki, ML
来源期刊	JOURNAL OF HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY
ISSN	0305-7488
EISSN	1095-8614
出版年	2024
卷号	84 页码:139-149
英文摘要	This article is an attempt to understand a mesh of complex relationships among tangible and intangible socio-economic factors that turned a desert city into the headquarters of one of the mighty polities in the Middle East in the fourteenth century CE. This paper argues that proto-industrialization led to the growth of 'virtual water' that helped the city of Yazd, in central Iran, to break free from its water limitation for the first time in its history. Yazd was almost absent in history until the twelfth century, as a peripheral oasis whose sparse population lived off subsistence agriculture irrigated by qanat systems (groundwatermining subterranean channels). Following the Mongol invasion in the thirteenth century, the influx of landless refugees changed the relations of production and paved the way for proto-industrialization whose development hinged on skill and capital rather than water and land. Sufism and waqf (endowment tradition) contributed to the expansion of trading routes that facilitated the mobility of goods and people. The qanats were urbanized, and Yazd became an industrial hub where raw materials were processed into tradable products with considerable value added. This paper contributes to a broader understanding of the historical geography of the arid Middle East. (c) 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.
英文关键词	Urbanization of water Proto-industrialization Virtual water Water scarcity Yazd
类型	Article
语种	英语
收录类别	SSCI
WOS记录号	WOS:001256798800001
WOS类目	Geography ; History Of Social Sciences
WOS研究方向	Geography ; Social Sciences - Other Topics
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/404536
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Khaneiki, Majid Labbaf,Emamzadeh, Zohreh,Al-Ghafri, Abdullah Saif,et al. Urbanization, proto-industrialization, and virtual water in the medieval Middle East[J],2024,84:139-149.
APA	Khaneiki, Majid Labbaf,Emamzadeh, Zohreh,Al-Ghafri, Abdullah Saif,&Haghighi, Ali Torabi.(2024).Urbanization, proto-industrialization, and virtual water in the medieval Middle East.JOURNAL OF HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY,84,139-149.
MLA	Khaneiki, Majid Labbaf,et al."Urbanization, proto-industrialization, and virtual water in the medieval Middle East".JOURNAL OF HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY 84(2024):139-149.