干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): Water resources availability, sustainability and challenges in the GCC countries: An overview

Arid

DOI	10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20543
	Water resources availability, sustainability and challenges in the GCC countries: An overview
	Sherif, Mohsen; Liaqat, Muhammad Usman; Baig, Faisal; Al-Rashed, Mohammad
通讯作者	Sherif, M
来源期刊	HELIYON
EISSN	2405-8440
出版年	2023
卷号	9 期号:10
英文摘要	The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries include Bahrain, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Sultanate of Oman, Qatar, and United Arab Emirates. The GCC countries are located in an arid region. They have limited renewable water resources due to scarcity of rainfall. This paper provides the most recent and accurate quantitative and qualitative assessment of available water resources and demands in the GCC countries. The annual renewable surface water, desalinated capacity, wastewater treatment capacity, and per capita water consumption in the GCC countries are assessed. The possible impacts of climate change are discussed. The annual renewable surface water, desalinated capacity, and wastewater treatment capacity in the GCC countries are estimated as 4.14, 26.4, and 10.07 billion m(3), respectively. The average per capita water consumption is around 550 l/d. The GCC countries have high water footprints. Although tertiary treated, the reuse of treated wastewater is limited and constrained to the development of forests and green areas. Water demand trends reveal the need for the implementation of sustainable water management programs. Emerging solutions include imposing a new tariff system, improving irrigation efficiency, controlling agricultural water consumption, developing innovative desalination and treatment technologies, maximizing treated wastewater utilization and rainwater harvesting, eliminating leakage in networks, and considering virtual water concepts in the water budget and planning.
英文关键词	GCC countries water resources management sustainability climate change
类型	Review
语种	英语
开放获取类型	Green Published, gold
收录类别	SCI-E
WOS记录号	WOS:001088559500001
WOS关键词	MANAGED AQUIFER RECHARGE ; PRECIPITATION PRODUCTS ; ENERGY-CONSUMPTION ; SEAWATER INTRUSION ; COASTAL AQUIFER ; SAUDI-ARABIA ; GROUNDWATER ; KINGDOM ; QATAR ; REUSE
WOS类目	Multidisciplinary Sciences
WOS研究方向	Science & Technology - Other Topics
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/396825
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Sherif, Mohsen,Liaqat, Muhammad Usman,Baig, Faisal,et al. Water resources availability, sustainability and challenges in the GCC countries: An overview[J],2023,9(10).
APA	Sherif, Mohsen,Liaqat, Muhammad Usman,Baig, Faisal,&Al-Rashed, Mohammad.(2023).Water resources availability, sustainability and challenges in the GCC countries: An overview.HELIYON,9(10).
MLA	Sherif, Mohsen,et al."Water resources availability, sustainability and challenges in the GCC countries: An overview".HELIYON 9.10(2023).