干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): Assessment of drought conditions and prediction by machine learning algorithms using Standardized Precipitation Index and Standardized Water-Level Index (case study: Yazd province, Iran)

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DOI	10.1007/s11356-023-29522-5
	Assessment of drought conditions and prediction by machine learning algorithms using Standardized Precipitation Index and Standardized Water-Level Index (case study: Yazd province, Iran)
	Shakeri, Reza; Amini, Hossein; Fakheri, Farshid; Ketabchi, Hamed
通讯作者	Ketabchi, H
来源期刊	ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
ISSN	0944-1344
EISSN	1614-7499
出版年	2023
卷号	30 期号:45 页码:101744-101760
英文摘要	Drought as a natural phenomenon has always been a serious threat to regions with hot and dry climates. One of the major effects of drought is the drop in groundwater level. This paper focused on the SPI (Standardized Precipitation Index) and SWI (Standardized Water-Level Index) to assess meteorological and hydrological drought, respectively. In the first part, we used different time frames of SPI (3, 6, 12, and 24 months) to investigate drought in Yazd, a dry province in the center of Iran for 29 years (1990-2018). Then, in the second part, the relationship between SPI and SWI was investigated in the three aquifers of Yazd by some rain gauge stations and the closest observation wells to them. In addition to using SPI and SWI, we also used different machine learning (ML) algorithms to predict drought conditions including linear model and six non-linear models of K_Nearest_Neighbors, Gradient_Boosting, Decision_Tree, XGBoost, Random_Forest, and Neural_Net. To evaluate the accuracy of the mentioned models, three statistical indicators including Score, RMSE, and MAE were used. Based on the results of the first part, Yazd province has changed from mild wet to mild drought in terms of meteorological drought (the amount of rainfall according to SPI), and this condition can worsen due to climate change. The models used in ML showed that SPI-6 (score ave = 0.977), SPI-3 (score ave = 0.936), SPI-24 (score ave = 0.571), and SPI-12 (score ave = 0.413) indices had the highest accuracy, respectively. The models of Neural_Net (score ave = 0.964-RMSE ave = 0.020-MAE ave = 0.077) and Gradient_Boosting (score ave = 0.551-RMSE ave = 0.124-MAE ave = 0.248) had the highest and lowest accuracy in prediction of the SPI in all four-time scales. Based on the results of the second part, about the SWI, Random_Forest model (score = 0.929-RMSE = 0.052-MAE = 0.150) and model of Neural_Net (score = 0.755-RMSE = 0.235-MAE = 0.456) had the highest and lowest accuracy, respectively. Also, hydrological drought (reduction of the groundwater level) of the region has been much more severe, and according to the low correlation coefficient of average SPI and SWI (R2 = 0.14), we found that the uncontrolled pumping wells, as a main factor than a shortage of rainfall, have aggravated the hydrological drought, and this region is at risk of becoming a more arid region in the future.
英文关键词	Drought monitoring Groundwater Water resource SPI SWI Machine learning Regression
类型	Article
语种	英语
收录类别	SCI-E
WOS记录号	WOS:001059915200001
WOS关键词	SYSTEMS
WOS类目	Environmental Sciences
WOS研究方向	Environmental Sciences & Ecology
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/396285
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Shakeri, Reza,Amini, Hossein,Fakheri, Farshid,et al. Assessment of drought conditions and prediction by machine learning algorithms using Standardized Precipitation Index and Standardized Water-Level Index (case study: Yazd province, Iran)[J],2023,30(45):101744-101760.
APA	Shakeri, Reza,Amini, Hossein,Fakheri, Farshid,&Ketabchi, Hamed.(2023).Assessment of drought conditions and prediction by machine learning algorithms using Standardized Precipitation Index and Standardized Water-Level Index (case study: Yazd province, Iran).ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH,30(45),101744-101760.
MLA	Shakeri, Reza,et al."Assessment of drought conditions and prediction by machine learning algorithms using Standardized Precipitation Index and Standardized Water-Level Index (case study: Yazd province, Iran)".ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH 30.45(2023):101744-101760.