干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): Water-Energy-Carbon Nexus Analysis for Water Supply Systems with Brackish Groundwater Sources in Arid Regions

Arid

DOI	10.3390/su14095106
	Water-Energy-Carbon Nexus Analysis for Water Supply Systems with Brackish Groundwater Sources in Arid Regions
	Alresheedi, Mohammad T.; Haider, Husnain; Shafiquzzaman, Md.; AlSaleem, Saleem S.; Alinizzi, Majed
通讯作者	Haider, H
来源期刊	SUSTAINABILITY
EISSN	2071-1050
出版年	2022
卷号	14 期号:9
英文摘要	Limited knowledge on the water-energy-carbon nexus of water supply systems (WSSs) with brackish groundwater sources in arid regions exists to date. In addition, the large amount of fossil-fuel energy utilized by treatment processes generating a significant amount of carbon emissions remains a challenge for the municipalities in Saudi Arabia to meet long-term sustainability goals. To achieve Saudi Arabia Vision 2030's target of sustainable cities with reduced CO2 emissions, the present study aimed to analyse the water-energy-carbon nexus for WSSs and propose mitigation measures for reducing energy and carbon footprints from both the water management and treatment technologies perspectives. The detailed energy consumption data for three main components (source extraction, water treatment, and conveyance and distribution) of the main WSS, serving the 600,000 population of Buraydah City (Qassim, Saudi Arabia), was obtained from the concerned municipality. The city water treatment plant removes naturally occurring iron, TDS, and radionuclides in the source water with the help of ion detention, oxidation, sand filtration, ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis, chlorination, and backwash water management. The study found that the treatment facility consumes around half of the total system's energy (131,122 kWh/day); while, with deep confined aquifer (>600 m) and an average water loss of 8%, conveyance and distribution (34%) and source extraction (18%) are consistent with the reported literature. With oil-driven energy, carbon emissions were found to be 10.26, 27.18, and 19.72 million tons CO2 eq/year for source extraction, water treatment, and conveyance and distribution, respectively. The reverse osmosis process, with higher energy consumption-1.1 kWh/m(3) of treated water-than the global average, consumes most (88%) of the treatment plant's energy and thus needs effective energy management practices. Moving to renewable (solar and wind-driven) sources, subject to a detailed life cycle analysis, can achieve significant energy and associated carbon emission reductions. To sustainably meet the water demand of the growing population in arid regions, the study also suggests raising the awareness of the public about how water conservation can control CO2 emissions, proactive maintenance of aging infrastructure, and increasing rainwater and treated wastewater reuse, to enhance the operational life of existing treatment facilities.
英文关键词	water-energy-carbon nexus water supply drinking water treatment energy consumption carbon emissions carbon footprint
类型	Article
语种	英语
开放获取类型	gold
收录类别	SCI-E ; SSCI
WOS记录号	WOS:000796095200001
WOS关键词	ASSESSMENT FRAMEWORK ; SAUDI-ARABIA ; CONSUMPTION ; RECLAMATION ; EMISSIONS ; PLANTS
WOS类目	Green & Sustainable Science & Technology ; Environmental Sciences ; Environmental Studies
WOS研究方向	Science & Technology - Other Topics ; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/394572
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Alresheedi, Mohammad T.,Haider, Husnain,Shafiquzzaman, Md.,et al. Water-Energy-Carbon Nexus Analysis for Water Supply Systems with Brackish Groundwater Sources in Arid Regions[J],2022,14(9).
APA	Alresheedi, Mohammad T.,Haider, Husnain,Shafiquzzaman, Md.,AlSaleem, Saleem S.,&Alinizzi, Majed.(2022).Water-Energy-Carbon Nexus Analysis for Water Supply Systems with Brackish Groundwater Sources in Arid Regions.SUSTAINABILITY,14(9).
MLA	Alresheedi, Mohammad T.,et al."Water-Energy-Carbon Nexus Analysis for Water Supply Systems with Brackish Groundwater Sources in Arid Regions".SUSTAINABILITY 14.9(2022).