干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): Fuel exploitation and environmental degradation at the Iron Age copper industry of the Timna Valley, southern Israel

Arid

DOI	10.1038/s41598-022-18940-z
	Fuel exploitation and environmental degradation at the Iron Age copper industry of the Timna Valley, southern Israel
	Cavanagh, Mark; Ben-Yosef, Erez; Langgut, Dafna
通讯作者	Cavanagh, M
来源期刊	SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
ISSN	2045-2322
出版年	2022
卷号	12 期号:1
英文摘要	Economic and industrial progress frequently comes at the expense of environmental sustainability. For the early Iron Age (-eleventh to ninth centuries BCE) smelters of the ancient copper industry of the Timna Valley, southern Israel, where today the hyper-arid Aravah Desert provides sparse vegetation, woody fuel for metallurgical furnaces constituted the greatest limiting factor for continued operations. This study presents the first investigation into the fuel sources relied upon by this industry during its most intensive period, as reflected by hundreds of charcoal samples collected from two well-stratified and chronologically anchored accumulations of industrial waste. The two sites demonstrate similar results: a heavy reliance on the local vegetation, particularly Retama raetam (white broom) and the ecologically significant Acacia spp. (acacia thorn trees), two high-calorific and high-burning taxa best suited for such purposes. It was also observed that over the course of the industry, the search for fuel expanded, as evidenced by the later appearance of taxa unsuited for the prevailing regional conditions, hinting at the detrimental toll the industry took on the local ecosystem. Altogether, it is suggested that the lucrative copper industry ended due to limits in the availability of fuel, caused by anthropogenic hastening of desertification and environmental degradation.
类型	Article
语种	英语
开放获取类型	gold, Green Published
收录类别	SCI-E
WOS记录号	WOS:000858344700041
WOS关键词	HOLOCENE CLIMATE VARIABILITY ; NEGEV DESERT ; WOOD ANATOMY ; SOREQ CAVE ; VEGETATION ; CHARCOAL ; BRONZE ; PALEOCLIMATE ; EXCAVATIONS ; SPELEOTHEMS
WOS类目	Multidisciplinary Sciences
WOS研究方向	Science & Technology - Other Topics
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/394469
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Cavanagh, Mark,Ben-Yosef, Erez,Langgut, Dafna. Fuel exploitation and environmental degradation at the Iron Age copper industry of the Timna Valley, southern Israel[J],2022,12(1).
APA	Cavanagh, Mark,Ben-Yosef, Erez,&Langgut, Dafna.(2022).Fuel exploitation and environmental degradation at the Iron Age copper industry of the Timna Valley, southern Israel.SCIENTIFIC REPORTS,12(1).
MLA	Cavanagh, Mark,et al."Fuel exploitation and environmental degradation at the Iron Age copper industry of the Timna Valley, southern Israel".SCIENTIFIC REPORTS 12.1(2022).