干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): Comparative environmental footprints of lettuce supplied by hydroponic controlled-environment agriculture and field-based supply chains

Arid

DOI	10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.133214
	Comparative environmental footprints of lettuce supplied by hydroponic controlled-environment agriculture and field-based supply chains
	Casey, Leanne; Freeman, Ben; Francis, Kurt; Brychkova, Galina; McKeown, Peter; Spillane, Charles; Bezrukov, Andrey; Zaworotko, Michael; Styles, David
通讯作者	Styles, D
来源期刊	JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
ISSN	0959-6526
EISSN	1879-1786
出版年	2022
卷号	369
英文摘要	Attributional life cycle assessment was applied to determine environmental footprints of lettuce produced across ten supply chain configurations, based on either hydroponic closed-environment agriculture (CEA) with six different electricity sources, or field supply chains involving regional, continental or inter-continental transport. Hydroponic CEA systems use circa 15 kWh of electricity for lighting, cooling, ventilation and pumping per kg of lettuce supplied. Based on typical current national grid electricity generation mixes with significant fossil fuel dependence, this results in large environmental footprints, e.g. up to 17.8 kg CO2 eq. and 33 g N eq. per kg lettuce ??? compared with 10 kg CO2 eq. and 16 g N eq. per kg lettuce air-freighted across continents. However, hydro-ponic CEA can produce orders of magnitude more produce per m2.yr and can be integrated into existing buildings (e.g. on roof tops, in basements and disused warehouses, etc). Factoring in the carbon opportunity costs of land use, and meeting electricity requirements exclusively through renewable generation, could result in closed hy-droponic CEA delivering produce with a smaller carbon footprint than most field-based supply chains, at 0.48 kg CO2 eq. per kg lettuce. However, this would only be the case where renewable electricity originates from genuinely additional capacity, and where a land use policy or other mechanisms ensure that modest areas of land spared from horticultural production are used for ???nature based solutions??? such as afforestation. Hydroponic CEA uses orders of magnitude less direct water than field-based systems, and could help to mitigate water stress and associated soil degradation in arid and semi-arid regions used for horticulture ??? so long as upstream water stress associated with electricity generation is mitigated. CEA could be one of the least sustainable forms of food production if poorly implemented, and has numerous environmental hotspots. But with careful design and scaling, in appropriate contexts of high demand and low agro-climatic potential for production of horticultural produce, CEA deployment could play a role in sustainable food system transformation, potentially helping to reconnect consumers with (urban) producers. There may be opportunities to link building air handling systems with rooftop or basement CEA requiring inputs of cooling, CO2 and water. Superscript/Subscript Available
英文关键词	Water stress Vertical farming Food miles Carbon footprint Supply chain Urban agriculture
类型	Article
语种	英语
开放获取类型	hybrid, Green Published
收录类别	SCI-E
WOS记录号	WOS:000859837700003
WOS关键词	LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT ; GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS ; LOCAL FOOD ; ENERGY-REQUIREMENTS ; CARBON FOOTPRINT ; WATER ; SOILS ; LAND ; EFFICIENCY ; FRAMEWORK
WOS类目	Green & Sustainable Science & Technology ; Engineering, Environmental ; Environmental Sciences
WOS研究方向	Science & Technology - Other Topics ; Engineering ; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/393372
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Casey, Leanne,Freeman, Ben,Francis, Kurt,et al. Comparative environmental footprints of lettuce supplied by hydroponic controlled-environment agriculture and field-based supply chains[J],2022,369.
APA	Casey, Leanne.,Freeman, Ben.,Francis, Kurt.,Brychkova, Galina.,McKeown, Peter.,...&Styles, David.(2022).Comparative environmental footprints of lettuce supplied by hydroponic controlled-environment agriculture and field-based supply chains.JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION,369.
MLA	Casey, Leanne,et al."Comparative environmental footprints of lettuce supplied by hydroponic controlled-environment agriculture and field-based supply chains".JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION 369(2022).