干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 极端气候工程地质: 干旱灾害及对策研究进展

Arid

	极端气候工程地质: 干旱灾害及对策研究进展
其他题名	Extrem climate engineering geology: Soil engineering properties response to drought climate and measures for disaster mitigation
	唐朝生
来源期刊	科学通报
ISSN	0023-074X
出版年	2020
卷号	65 期号:27 页码:3009-3027
中文摘要	受全球气候变化影响,极端气候事件的发生频率和强度均呈显著加剧趋势,并通过各种方式作用于地质体,诱发一系列工程地质灾害,严重影响经济社会可持续发展,给当前工程地质研究带来许多新的挑战.迫切需要加大极端气候工程地质作用及防灾减灾基础研究.这对于提高我国重大工程应对气候变化和极端气候事件的防御及其决策能力,提升我国自然灾害综合防治能力,具有重要战略和现实意义.这也是现代工程地质学科的重要使命和发展方向.针对干旱灾害问题,近些年来工程地质界围绕干旱气候-土体相互作用方式、作用结果、监测技术及对策开展了大量研究,在干旱气候作用下土体工程性质响应过程及灾变机制方面取得了重要进展,尤其在土体蒸发、收缩、龟裂过程及机理等方面取得了一批创新性研究成果,弥补了工程地质领域在干旱气象灾害方面的研究空白,为指导干旱地区的工程地质实践和防灾减灾工作提供了科学依据.今后,除了需要加强气候变化以及大气-地质体相互作用基础研究外,还应该加强相关技术研究,如分布式光纤感测技术、基于自然解决方案的微生物地质工程技术、大数据与云计算技术、人工智能等,为工程地质防灾减灾提供先进的理论和技术支撑.
英文摘要	Due to global climate change, extreme climate events occur in increasing frequency and intensity and act on earth surface in various ways, inducing a series of engineering geological disasters, which seriously affect the sustainable economic and social development, and bring many new challenges to current engineering geology research. There is an urgent need to strengthen the basic research on extreme climate engineering and disaster prevention and mitigation. It has important strategic and practical significance for improving China's defense and decision-making capabilities when major projects are subjected to climate change and extreme climate events, and for improving China's comprehensive prevention and control capabilities of natural disasters. It is also an important mission and development direction of modern engineering geology. This paper focuses on how the extreme climate affects geological bodies and major projects, and how to induce disasters from the perspective of engineering geology. In addition, this paper systematically summarizes the research advances of drought climate-induced soil engineering property response processes and catastrophic mechanisms, especially the processes and mechanisms of soil evaporation, shrinkage, and desiccation cracking. Generally, the evaporation process of soil water occurs in three fairly distinct stages: constant rate stage, falling rate stage and residual stage. The constant rate stage occurs when the soil is still fully saturated. The moisture transfer is dominated by liquid flow and mainly controlled by capillary force. The change of soil from saturated to unsaturated state results in the evaporation transition from constant rate stage to falling rate stage. In this stage, the moisture transfers in both liquid and vapor forms and the later one gradually dominates the evaporation process. The evaporation reaches residual stage when the pore water is dominated by absorbed water, and the moisture transfers in vapor form only. The volumetric shrinkage soil is mainly attributed to suction-induced pore size reduction. Based on soil shrinkage characteristic curve, three shrinkage stages can be distinguished: normal shrinkage, residual shrinkage and zero shrinkage. Most of the volumetric shrinkage occurs before the air-entry point while the soil is still fully saturated. The shrinkage direction of soil shows obvious anisotropy, which can be quantified by shrinkage geometry factor. At low degree of compaction, the radial shrinkage strain is higher than axial shrinkage strain, and the shrinkage geometry factor is larger than 3, while it is contrary at high degree of compaction. The reversibility of shrinkage deformation depends on soil suction. Shrinkage deformation is reversible when suction is higher than 113 MPa. Drying-induced soil desiccation cracking process takes place in three typical stages (i.e., primary cracks initiate, sub-cracks initiate and crack network stabilization), and presents evident time-order characteristics. New cracks always start perpendicularly from the existing cracks. Generally, the initiation and propagation of desiccation cracks show evident dynamic characteristics and significantly depend on soil water evaporation rate, stress state and shrinkage potential. The cracks initiate at constant evaporation rate stage where soil is still fully saturated.
中文关键词	气候变化 ; 地质灾害 ; 极端干旱气候 ; 土体工程性质 ; 蒸发-收缩-龟裂 ; 气候-土体相互作用
英文关键词	climate change geological disaster extrem drought climate soil engineering property soil evaporation-shrinkagedesiccation cracking atmoshpere-soil interaction
类型	Article
语种	中文
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
CSCD记录号	CSCD:6818556
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/379015
作者单位	唐朝生, 南京大学地球科学与工程学院, 南京, 江苏 210023, 中国.
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	唐朝生. 极端气候工程地质: 干旱灾害及对策研究进展[J],2020,65(27):3009-3027.
APA	唐朝生.(2020).极端气候工程地质: 干旱灾害及对策研究进展.科学通报,65(27),3009-3027.
MLA	唐朝生."极端气候工程地质: 干旱灾害及对策研究进展".科学通报 65.27(2020):3009-3027.

条目包含的文件
条目无相关文件。

个性服务

谷歌学术

百度学术

必应学术

相关权益政策

收藏/分享