干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 秸秆还田量对土壤团聚体有机碳和玉米产量的影响

Arid

	秸秆还田量对土壤团聚体有机碳和玉米产量的影响
其他题名	Effects of straw application rates on soil aggregates, soil organic carbon content and maize yield
	孟庆英; 邹洪涛; 韩艳玉; 张春峰
来源期刊	农业工程学报
ISSN	1002-6819
出版年	2019
卷号	35 期号:23 页码:119-125
中文摘要	为明确秸秆深还田对土壤团聚体及有机碳和作物产量的影响,在辽宁省半干旱地区进行了6年秸秆深还田小区定位试验,秸秆施用量分别为0(CK)、6 000 kg/hm~2(T1)、12 000 kg/hm~2(T2)、18 000 kg/hm~2(T3)、24 000 kg/hm~2 (T4),将秸秆还入>20~40 cm土壤亚表层,利用干筛、湿筛得到不同粒级土壤团聚体。结果表明:秸秆添加与CK比可降低土壤0~20 cm和>20~40 cm土层土壤容重;土壤机械性团聚体主要集中在>0.25 mm粒级,而水稳性团聚体主要集中在<0.25 mm粒级,与CK处理比秸秆的添加增加了土壤机械稳定性团聚体平均重量直径(MWD)和土壤水稳性团聚体MWD,随秸秆还田量增加, MWD值增大;秸秆深还田使各粒级团聚体有机碳均高于CK,对>20~40 cm土层土壤团聚体碳含量的影响大于0~20 cm土层;秸秆深还田可增加玉米产量,随秸秆还田时间延长,不同秸秆还田量对玉米产量增加存在差异,2016年玉米产量测定结果各处理与CK比, T1增产4.66%、T2增产6.71%, T3增产5.37%、T4增产8.82%。秸秆深还田,能够提升土壤团聚体的稳定性,有利于增加土壤团聚体碳含量,对土壤质量和玉米产量的提高具有促进作用。
英文摘要	Northeast China is an important crop production area, so the amount of crop straw in northeast China is large. Among of main utilization approaches for straw, the straw returned to soil is the most widely adopted approach in China. Returning straw to the soil is beneficial for optimizing the soil environment, preventing and controlling soil degradation, and reducing air pollution that results from burning straw. Currently, straw is returned to the soil in the following three ways: mechanical crushing with backward pressure return, direct mulching and returning straw to deep soil layers. There are many problems with the first two approaches, straw decays slowly because it has a relatively high carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio, which is not beneficial for the next crop and can decrease the rate of crop emergence. Returning straw to deep soil layers, the bottom of the soil plow layer is broken, the soil bulk density is reduced, and the soil structure is improved. Meanwhile, as straw was buried in the furrow. Crops were planted on the ridge in next season. Thus, crop roots do not directly contact the straw, which could reduce the incidence of disease caused by the harmful substances produced during straw degradation. However, the optimal amount of straw return has not been determined yet. To determine the effects of straw application rates on the soil aggregate,soil organic carbon content and maize yield under the condition of returning straw to deep soil layers,, The experiments were conducted in the experimental field of the agricultural technology popularization center of Lingyuan city, Liaoning province from 2011 to 2016. After corn harvest in October 2011, five treatments were tested: no straw application. The application of maize straw was at a rate of 6 000, 12 000, 18 000, 24 000 kg/hm~2. The straw was incorporation into the subsurface of soil (>20-40 cm). Apply additional nitrogen fertilizer according to C:N=25.1. The experimental plots were arranged using a random design with three replicates, and the area of each plot was 24 m~2. The aggregates amount was examined by dry and wet sieving methods. After straw application for six years, compare with CK, all treatments significantly reduced soil bulk density. The size of dry-stable aggregate and water-stable aggregate were mainly >0.25 mm, <0.25 mm, respectively. Compared with CK, the straw application treatments increased mean weight diameter (MWD) and soil organic carbon content. With the increase of straw application rate, MWD increased. The effect on aggregate SOC of surface soil (0-20 cm) was greater than that of the subsurface soil (>20-40 cm). Compared with CK, the straw application treatments increased the maize yield during 2012-2016. In general, the maize yield increased the most was the straw application amount of 12 000 kg/hm~2 among all treatments, so it is the recommended treatment. In conclusion, returning straw to deep soil layers can significantly improve aggregate SOC, soil structure, stability and maize yield and is a suitable agricultural practice to improve soil quality in Northeast China.
中文关键词	有机碳 ; 团聚体 ; 秸秆还田 ; 玉米
英文关键词	organic carbon aggregate straw application maize
类型	Article
语种	中文
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	Agriculture
CSCD记录号	CSCD:6646322
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/378977
作者单位	孟庆英, 沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院;;农业部东北耕地保育重点实验室;;土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室;;黑龙江省农业科学院佳木斯分院, ;;农业部东北耕地保育重点实验室;;土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室;;, 沈阳;;沈阳;;沈阳;;佳木斯, ;;;;;; 110866;;110866;;110866;;154000.; 邹洪涛, 沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院;;农业部东北耕地保育重点实验室;;土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室, ;;农业部东北耕地保育重点实验室;;土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室, 沈阳;;沈阳;;沈阳, ;;;; 110866;;110866;;110866.; 韩艳玉, 沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院;;农业部东北耕地保育重点实验室;;土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室, ;;农业部东北耕地保育重点实验室;;土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室, 沈阳;;沈阳;;沈阳, ;;;; 110866;;110866;;110866.; 张春峰, 黑龙江省农业科学院佳木斯分院, 佳木斯, 黑龙江 154000, 中国.
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	孟庆英,邹洪涛,韩艳玉,等. 秸秆还田量对土壤团聚体有机碳和玉米产量的影响[J],2019,35(23):119-125.
APA	孟庆英,邹洪涛,韩艳玉,&张春峰.(2019).秸秆还田量对土壤团聚体有机碳和玉米产量的影响.农业工程学报,35(23),119-125.
MLA	孟庆英,et al."秸秆还田量对土壤团聚体有机碳和玉米产量的影响".农业工程学报 35.23(2019):119-125.