干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 干旱地区覆盖方式对土壤养分及马铃薯产量的影响

Arid

	干旱地区覆盖方式对土壤养分及马铃薯产量的影响
其他题名	Effects of different covering modes on soil nutrient and potato(Solanum tuberosum L.)yield in arid areas
	王平; 陈娟; 谢成俊; 王镭
来源期刊	中国土壤与肥料
ISSN	1673-6257
出版年	2021
期号	4 页码:118-125
中文摘要	大田条件下,为研究不同覆盖方式对旱作区马铃薯土壤有机质、养分及产量的影响,试验设置白色半膜垄作(BB)、白色全膜垄作(BQ)、白色半膜垄作+垄沟秸秆覆盖(BJ)、黑色半膜垄作(HB)、黑色全膜垄作(HQ)、黑色半膜垄作+垄沟秸秆覆盖(HJ)、秸秆覆盖垄作(JL)及裸地垄作种植(CK)8个处理。结果表明:不同覆盖方式均能改变0 ~ 30 cm土层温度,与CK相比,地膜覆盖方式具有增温效果,白膜增温优于黑膜,全膜覆盖增温优于半膜与垄面覆膜垄沟秸秆处理,且随着马铃薯生育期的推进覆膜增温效果逐渐减弱,秸秆覆盖在生育前期具有降温作用,后期具有一定的保温性。较JK与CK处理,地膜覆盖处理促进了马铃薯的出苗并缩短了各生育期的时间;覆盖方式能影响马铃薯根际土壤有机质、养分含量,增加马铃薯根际土壤有机质含量,有机质含量大小依次为JL>BJ>BQ>BB>HQ>HJ>HB,其中JL处理下的有机质含量较CK增加了16.72%,同色膜处理下的不同覆盖方式对马铃薯根际土壤有机质影响不显著,地膜覆盖对土壤全量养分、速效氮磷钾含量的作用较秸秆覆盖小,垄面覆膜+垄沟秸秆覆盖(BJ、HJ)对土壤养分含量的促进效果更大,黑膜较白膜更能增加土壤速效钾的含量;覆膜与秸秆覆盖较CK处理均能提高马铃薯产量,以覆膜增产作用最为显著,达到87.87%。不同覆盖方式处理中以处理BJ产量最高,其次为HJ。因此,覆盖材料(秸秆、黑膜、白膜)对于马铃薯生长、土壤养分、产量影响作用明显,覆盖方式(半膜、全膜、半膜+秸秆)对于土壤温度、养分及马铃薯生长具有一定的调控作用,总体表现为覆盖材料>覆盖方式,以垄面覆膜+垄沟秸秆覆盖(BJ、HJ)最有利于马铃薯生长与产量的增加,是适宜当地旱作区马铃薯种植的覆盖模式。
英文摘要	A field experiment was conducted to assess the effects of eight different covering modes(including BB,semifilm ridge planting with transparent plastic mulch;BQ,double ridge-furrow planting with transparent plastic mulch;BJ,semi-film ridge planting with transparent plastic mulch,and furrow covered with straw;HB,semi-film ridge planting with black plastic mulch;HQ,double ridge-furrow planting with black plastic mulch;HJ,semi-film ridge planting with black plastic mulch,and furrow covered with straw;JL,ridge-furrow planting with straw mulching on both ridges and furrows;CK,flat planting without mulching as control)on soil organic matter,soil nutrient content and potato yield in arid area.The results showed that different covering modes could change on the soil temperature of 0 ~ 30 cm layer,compared to the CK treatment,higher soil temperature was observed at the film mulching treatments(transparent plastic mulch treatments>black plastic mulch treatments,and double ridge-furrow planting with film mulch treatments>semi-film ridge planting with film mulch treatments>ridge-furrow planting with straw mulching on both ridges and furrows treatment),the effects of film mulching treatments on the soil temperature declined gradually with the development of growth stage,JL decreased soil temperature at early growth stages and increased soil temperature at later growth stages.Compared to the JL and CK treatments,film mulch treatments accelerated the seedling emergence of potato,and shortened the growing period.The covering modes had a remarkable effect on soil organic matter and soil nutrient in the rhizospheric soil,which increased the content of organic matter(JL>BJ>BQ>BB>HQ>HJ>HB),JL treatment increased the content of organic matter by 16.72%,compared to the CK treatment,and the different covering modes under same color plastic mulch treatments had no significant effect on soil organic matter in the rhizospheric soil.The effects of plastic mulch treatments on soil total N,total P,total K,alkalize N,available P and available K were less than straw,BJ and HJ had the higher effect on soil nutrient content,and available K under black plastic mulch treatments was higher in transparent plastic mulch treatments.BJ and HJ treatment improved potato yield by 87.87%(BJ>HJ)comparing with CK.Therefore,it is concluded that covering material(straw,transparent plastic mulch and black plastic mulch)could improve the growth of potato,soil nutrient and potato yield,and covering modes(semi-film ridge planting with film mulch,double ridge-furrow planting with film mulch,semi-film ridge planting with film mulch and furrow covered with straw)could regulate soil temperature,soil nutrient and growth of potato,the turn of the influence factors was covering material>covering method,BJ and HJ treatments could be an appropriate cultivation mode to increase the potato productivity in arid areas.
中文关键词	旱作区 ; 覆盖方式 ; 土壤温度 ; 土壤养分 ; 马铃薯 ; 产量
英文关键词	arid crop area covering modes soil temperature soil nutrient potato yields
类型	Article
语种	中文
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	Agriculture
CSCD记录号	CSCD:7055414
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/378141
作者单位	王平, 兰州市农业科技研究推广中心, 兰州, 甘肃 730000, 中国.; 谢成俊, 兰州市农业科技研究推广中心, 兰州, 甘肃 730000, 中国.; 王镭, 兰州市农业科技研究推广中心, 兰州, 甘肃 730000, 中国.; 陈娟, 甘肃省农业科学院, 兰州, 甘肃 730070, 中国.
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	王平,陈娟,谢成俊,等. 干旱地区覆盖方式对土壤养分及马铃薯产量的影响[J],2021(4):118-125.
APA	王平,陈娟,谢成俊,&王镭.(2021).干旱地区覆盖方式对土壤养分及马铃薯产量的影响.中国土壤与肥料(4),118-125.
MLA	王平,et al."干旱地区覆盖方式对土壤养分及马铃薯产量的影响".中国土壤与肥料 .4(2021):118-125.