干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 连续三年不同有机肥替代率对小麦产量及土壤养分的影响

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	连续三年不同有机肥替代率对小麦产量及土壤养分的影响
其他题名	Effects of different organic fertilizer replacement rates on wheat yield and soil nutrients over three consecutive years
	鲁伟丹; 李俊华; 罗彤; 陈丽丽; 张磊; 刘硕康
来源期刊	植物营养与肥料学报
ISSN	1008-505X
出版年	2021
卷号	27 期号:8 页码:1330-1338
中文摘要	【目的】探究不同有机肥替代化肥比例对土壤养分含量、植株养分吸收量、肥料利用率以及作物产量的影响,为实现作物高产稳产、土壤培肥提供科学施肥方案。【方法】20182020年,以新春38号小麦为供试作物,在新疆石河子大学农学院连续进行了3年定点大田试验,试验土壤为灰漠土。试验设置不施肥(CK),常规施化肥(CF)和以有机肥分别替代化肥氮磷投入量的6%、12%、18%、24%,共6个处理。有机肥全部基施,追施氮磷养分量不变,小麦收获后秸秆全部还田。于2020年,在6个小麦生育期取植株样,分析氮、磷含量和干物质积累量,在收获期测定产量和产量构成因素。同时取020 cm土壤样品,分析速效氮、磷和有机质含量。【结果】连续3年施用不同量有机肥后,土壤速效氮、磷、钾养分和有机质含量均随有机肥替代比例的增加而增加,有机肥替代率18%和24%处理的土壤速效养分和有机质含量在灌浆期和收获期显著高于对照和CF。小麦扬花期、灌浆期和收获期的干物质积累量和养分积累量均随有机肥替代率提高而增加,有机肥替代率18%和24%处理显著高于CF处理。氮磷肥料利用率、偏生产力和农学利用效率同样有所提高,有机肥替代率18%处理和24%处理高于其他处理。有机肥替代率6%、12%和24%处理的小麦穗数、千粒重、产量与CF相比差异不显著,而有机肥替代率18%显著高于CF。【结论】连续使用有机肥替代部分化肥可增加小麦生育后期土壤中速效养分含量,提高肥料利用率,最终实现稳产甚至显著增产。有机肥替代化肥的比例不能过低,本试验条件下,有机氮磷替代率为18%~24%时,可在实现作物高产稳产的同时,增加土壤速效养分含量、提高肥料利用率,但小麦产量受有机肥替代比例的影响较小。从肥料低投入高回报的角度,推荐有机肥替代18%的化肥氮磷养分较为可行。
英文摘要	【Objectives】The suitable replacement ratio of organic fertilizer in total nutrient input for high and stable wheat yields and maintenance of soil fertility was studied.【Methods】Field trials were conducted at the Agricultural College of Shihezi University in Xinjiang Autonomous Region from 2018 to 2020. Wheat cultivar of Xinchun 38 was used as the test material, and the test soil was gray desert soil. The treatments in the experiment included no fertilization control (CK), conventional chemical fertilizer treatment (CF), and four replacement ratios (i.e., replacement of chemical N and P by 6%, 12%, 18%, 24% organic fertilizer). Organic fertilizers were applied to the soil before wheat sowing, N and P topdressing amount and rate with drip irrigation were applied in similar pattern for all the fertilization treatments, and all straws were returned to the field after wheat harvest. In 2020, plant samples were taken at six growing stages of wheat to analyze the N and P contents, and dry matter accumulation, while wheat yield and yield components were investigated at maturity stage. Soil samples were taken at 0-20 cm depth to analyze available N, P, K and organic matter (OM) contents.【Results】The soil available N, P, K and OM content increased with the increase of the input of organic fertilizers. The available N, P, K and OM contents at filling and maturity stage in replacement ratios of 18% and 24% were significantly higher than those in CK and CF treatments. The dry matter and nutrient accumulation of wheat at the blooming, filling and harvesting stages all increased with the increase of organic fertilizer replacement rate. The wheat dry matter and nutrient accumulation under replacement rates of 18% and 24% were significantly higher than those under CF treatment. N and P fertilizer utilization rate, partial productivity and agronomic utilization efficiency were improved by the inclusion of organic fertilizer in the total nutrients input, with the highest and significant improvements in replacement rates of 18% and 24%. Compared with CF, the substitution treatment of 18% significantly increased the 1000-grain weight and yield. 【Conclusions】Replacement of chemical N and P input with organic fertilizers increased soil available N, P, K contents at late growing stage of wheat, improved chemical fertilizer utilization efficiency and yield. The suitable replacement ratio of organic fertilizers dominant its effect, under the experimental conditions, replacing 18% of N and P input by organic fertilizer is recommended for stable wheat yield and maintenance of soil fertility.
中文关键词	春小麦 ; 有机替代 ; 土壤养分 ; 产量 ; 肥料利用率
英文关键词	spring wheat organic fertilizer substitution soil fertility yield fertilizer efficiency
类型	Article
语种	中文
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	Agriculture
CSCD记录号	CSCD:7044135
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/378057
作者单位	鲁伟丹, 石河子大学农学院, 新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室, 石河子, 新疆 832000, 中国.; 李俊华, 石河子大学农学院, 新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室, 石河子, 新疆 832000, 中国.; 罗彤, 石河子大学农学院, 新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室, 石河子, 新疆 832000, 中国.; 陈丽丽, 石河子大学农学院, 新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室, 石河子, 新疆 832000, 中国.; 张磊, 石河子大学农学院, 新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室, 石河子, 新疆 832000, 中国.; 刘硕康, 石河子大学农学院, 新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室, 石河子, 新疆 832000, 中国.
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	鲁伟丹,李俊华,罗彤,等. 连续三年不同有机肥替代率对小麦产量及土壤养分的影响[J],2021,27(8):1330-1338.
APA	鲁伟丹,李俊华,罗彤,陈丽丽,张磊,&刘硕康.(2021).连续三年不同有机肥替代率对小麦产量及土壤养分的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,27(8),1330-1338.
MLA	鲁伟丹,et al."连续三年不同有机肥替代率对小麦产量及土壤养分的影响".植物营养与肥料学报 27.8(2021):1330-1338.