干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): An effective evapotranspiration estimation scheme based on statistical indicators for sustainable environments in humid and semi-arid area of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

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DOI	10.2166/ws.2021.457
	An effective evapotranspiration estimation scheme based on statistical indicators for sustainable environments in humid and semi-arid area of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
	Gul, Sajid; Ren, Jingli; Xiong, Neal N.; Fawad, Muhammad
通讯作者	Ren, JL (corresponding author)，Zhengzhou Univ, Henan Acad Big Data, Zhengzhou 450052, Peoples R China. ; Ren, JL (corresponding author)，Zhengzhou Univ, Sch Math & Stat, Zhengzhou 450001, Peoples R China.
来源期刊	WATER SUPPLY
ISSN	1606-9749
EISSN	1607-0798
出版年	2021-12
英文摘要	Reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is critical for irrigation design and water management in rainfed and irrigated agriculture. The Penman-Monteith (FAO-56(PM)) equation was demonstrated to be the most reliable and adaptive to a wide range of humid to semi-arid climates. However, it requires several environmental parameters (e.g., wind speed, solar radiation), rarely available in developing countries. Therefore, numerous temperature-based formulas have been designed to address this issue for various environments. Their calibration and validation against the local climate frequently lead to increases in performance. We revised the Hargreaves exponent (EH) and substituted a value of (0.16) for the original value (0.5). The modified Hargreaves formula enhances the ETo predictions with a mean absolute error ranging from (0.791) mm per day for Balakot to (2.36) mm per day in Risalpur, averaging (3.797) mm per day, as compared to the Hargreaves-Samani (16.827) mm per day. In general, all the selected models showed high accuracy. However, the modified Hargreaves equation appeared to be the most promising results. It ranked first in (50%) of the whole area based on the standard error of estimate for estimating ETo in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Additional research must be conducted to determine the study's relevance to other regions.
英文关键词	FAO-56(PM) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa modified hargreaves statistical indicator temperature
类型	Article ; Early Access
语种	英语
开放获取类型	gold
收录类别	SCI-E
WOS记录号	WOS:000736567200001
WOS关键词	PENMAN-MONTEITH ; PERFORMANCE EVALUATION ; REGIONAL CALIBRATION ; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS ; SOLAR-RADIATION ; WATER-USE ; HARGREAVES ; EQUATIONS ; COMPUTATION ; EVAPORATION
WOS类目	Engineering, Environmental ; Environmental Sciences ; Water Resources
WOS研究方向	Engineering ; Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Water Resources
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/377039
作者单位	[Gul, Sajid; Ren, Jingli; Fawad, Muhammad] Zhengzhou Univ, Henan Acad Big Data, Zhengzhou 450052, Peoples R China; [Gul, Sajid; Ren, Jingli; Fawad, Muhammad] Zhengzhou Univ, Sch Math & Stat, Zhengzhou 450001, Peoples R China; [Xiong, Neal N.] Northeastern State Univ, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Tahlequah, OK USA
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Gul, Sajid,Ren, Jingli,Xiong, Neal N.,et al. An effective evapotranspiration estimation scheme based on statistical indicators for sustainable environments in humid and semi-arid area of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan[J],2021.
APA	Gul, Sajid,Ren, Jingli,Xiong, Neal N.,&Fawad, Muhammad.(2021).An effective evapotranspiration estimation scheme based on statistical indicators for sustainable environments in humid and semi-arid area of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.WATER SUPPLY.
MLA	Gul, Sajid,et al."An effective evapotranspiration estimation scheme based on statistical indicators for sustainable environments in humid and semi-arid area of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan".WATER SUPPLY (2021).