Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| DOI | 10.1515/reveh-2021-0097 |
| Risk factors for heat-related illnesses during the Hajj mass gathering: an expert review | |
| Yezli, Saber | |
| 通讯作者 | Yezli, S (corresponding author)，Minist Hlth, Global Ctr Mass Gatherings Med, Publ Hlth Directorate, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. |
| 来源期刊 | REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
 |
| ISSN | 0048-7554 |
| EISSN | 2191-0308 |
| 出版年 | 2021-10 |
| 英文摘要 | Human exposure to a hot environment may result in various heat-related illnesses (HRIs), which range in severity from mild and moderate forms to life-threatening heatstroke. The Hajj is one of the largest annual mass gatherings globally and has historically been associated with HRIs. Hajj attracts over two million Muslim pilgrims from more than 180 countries to the holy city of Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Several modifiable and non-modifiable factors render Hajj pilgrims at increased risk of developing HRIs during Hajj. These include characteristics of the Hajj, its location, population, and rituals, as well as pilgrims' knowledge of HRIs and their attitude and behavior. Makkah is characterized by a hot desert climate and fluctuating levels of relative humidity. Pilgrims are very diverse ethnically and geographically, with different adaptations to heat. Significant proportions of the Hajj population are elderly, obese, and with low levels of fitness. In addition, many have underlying health conditions and are on multiple medications that can interfere with thermoregulation. Other factors are inherent in the Hajj and its activities, including crowding, physically demanding outdoor rituals, and a high frequency of infection and febrile illness. Pilgrims generally lack awareness of HRIs, and their uptake of preventive measures is variable. In addition, many engage in hazardous behaviors that increase their risk of HRIs. These include performing rituals during the peak sunshine hours with no sun protection and with suboptimal sleep, nutrition, and hydration, while neglecting treatment for their chronic conditions. HRIs preventive plans for Hajj should incorporate measures to address the aforementioned factors to reduce the burden of these illnesses in future Hajj seasons. Lessons from the Hajj can be used to inform policy making and HRIs preventive measures in the general population worldwide. |
| 英文关键词 | environmental health heat exhaustion heatstroke heatwave pilgrimage preventive medicine |
| 类型 | Review ; Early Access |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| 收录类别 | SCI-E |
| WOS记录号 | WOS:000739611800002 |
| WOS类目 | Environmental Sciences ; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health |
| WOS研究方向 | Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health |
| 资源类型 | 期刊论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/377029 |
| 作者单位 | [Yezli, Saber] Minist Hlth, Global Ctr Mass Gatherings Med, Publ Hlth Directorate, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Yezli, Saber. Risk factors for heat-related illnesses during the Hajj mass gathering: an expert review[J],2021. |
| APA | Yezli, Saber.(2021).Risk factors for heat-related illnesses during the Hajj mass gathering: an expert review.REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. |
| MLA | Yezli, Saber."Risk factors for heat-related illnesses during the Hajj mass gathering: an expert review".REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH (2021). |
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