干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Tryptamines in the Poison of Incilius alvarius (Amphibia: Bufonidae)

Arid

DOI	10.1093/jat/bkab038
	Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Tryptamines in the Poison of Incilius alvarius (Amphibia: Bufonidae)
	Schwelm, Hannes M.; Zimmermann, Nicole; Scholl, Tobias; Penner, Johannes; Autret, Amy; Auwaerter, Volker; Neukamm, Merja A.
通讯作者	Neukamm, MA (corresponding author)，Univ Freiburg, Fac Med, Med Ctr, Inst Forens Med,Forens Toxicol, Albertstr 9, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany.
来源期刊	JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY
ISSN	0146-4760
EISSN	1945-2403
出版年	2021-08
英文摘要	Rising numbers of psychoactive tryptamine derivatives have become available on the drug market over the last decade, making these naturally occurring or synthetically manufactured compounds highly relevant for forensic analyses. One of these compounds is 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT), a constituent of the dried poison of Incilius alvarius (Colorado River toad), which has a history of ritual and/or recreational use. Still, comprehensive and validated qualitative as well as quantitative analytical data on the psychoactive components of this poison are scarce. In this study, samples of the poison of Incilius alvarius were collected from live toads in the Sonoran Desert, Arizona (USA), and analyzed with a set of complementary methods. Acetone/water (70/30, v/v) proved to be the solvent of choice for the extraction of tryptamine derivatives. Trace compounds were enriched, and overload with 5-MeO-DMT was prevented by chromatographic separation of 5-MeO-DMT prior to qualitative analyses. The method for quantification was validated. Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was suitable to identify 5-MeO-DMT as the main tryptamine in samples of the poison. The combined evaluation of analytical data gained from gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight high-resolution MS (HPLC-qToF-HRMS) and HPLC-MS/MS confirmed the presence of 5-MeO-DMT, 5-MeO-N-methyltryptamine, 5-MeO-tryptamine, 5-MeO-tryptophol, 2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)-acetic-acid (5-MIAA), 5-HO-N-methyltryptamine, bufotenin, DMT and tryptophan. For the first time, 5-MeO-tryptamine and two positional isomers of hydroxylated MeO-DMT were detected in the poison of Incilius alvarius. The tryptamine present in the highest concentrations was 5-MeO-DMT (mean +/- SD: 410,000 +/- 30,000 mu g/g). Mean concentrations of 5-MeO-tryptamine (490 +/- 260 mu g/g), 5-HO-N-methyltryptamine (270 +/- 120 mu g/g), bufotenin (2,800 +/- 1,900 mu g/g) and DMT (250 +/- 80 mu g/g) showed a relatively high variability between individual samples. The comprehensive analytical reference data of Incilius alvarius poison presented here might prove useful for forensic chemists.
类型	Article ; Early Access
语种	英语
收录类别	SCI-E
WOS记录号	WOS:000755562400001
WOS关键词	SKIN ; TOADS ; INGESTION ; 5-METHOXY
WOS类目	Chemistry, Analytical ; Toxicology
WOS研究方向	Chemistry ; Toxicology
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/377027
作者单位	[Schwelm, Hannes M.; Zimmermann, Nicole; Auwaerter, Volker; Neukamm, Merja A.] Univ Freiburg, Fac Med, Med Ctr, Inst Forens Med,Forens Toxicol, Albertstr 9, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany; [Schwelm, Hannes M.] Univ Freiburg, Hermann Staudinger Grad Sch, Hebelstr 27, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany; [Scholl, Tobias] ESA Test GmbH, Goldberg 2, D-99817 Eisenach, Germany; [Penner, Johannes] Univ Freiburg, Fac Environm & Nat Resources, Chair Wildlife Ecol & Wildlife Management, Tennenbacher Str 4, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany; [Penner, Johannes] Leibniz Inst Evolut & Biodivers Sci, Museum Nat Kunde Berlin, Invalidenstr 43, D-10115 Berlin, Germany; [Autret, Amy] Tucson Police Dept, Crime Lab Toxicol, 1306 W Miracle Mile Rd, Tucson, AZ 85705 USA
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Schwelm, Hannes M.,Zimmermann, Nicole,Scholl, Tobias,et al. Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Tryptamines in the Poison of Incilius alvarius (Amphibia: Bufonidae)[J],2021.
APA	Schwelm, Hannes M..,Zimmermann, Nicole.,Scholl, Tobias.,Penner, Johannes.,Autret, Amy.,...&Neukamm, Merja A..(2021).Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Tryptamines in the Poison of Incilius alvarius (Amphibia: Bufonidae).JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY.
MLA	Schwelm, Hannes M.,et al."Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Tryptamines in the Poison of Incilius alvarius (Amphibia: Bufonidae)".JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY (2021).