干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): Groundwater Suitability for Drinking and Irrigation Using Water Quality Indices and Multivariate Modeling in Makkah Al-Mukarramah Province, Saudi Arabia

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DOI	10.3390/w14030483
	Groundwater Suitability for Drinking and Irrigation Using Water Quality Indices and Multivariate Modeling in Makkah Al-Mukarramah Province, Saudi Arabia
	El Osta, Maged; Masoud, Milad; Alqarawy, Abdulaziz; Elsayed, Salah; Gad, Mohamed
通讯作者	El Osta, M (corresponding author)，King Abdulaziz Univ, Water Res Ctr, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
来源期刊	WATER
EISSN	2073-4441
出版年	2022
卷号	14 期号:3
英文摘要	Water shortage and quality are major issues in many places, particularly arid and semi-arid regions such as Makkah Al-Mukarramah province, Saudi Arabia. The current work was conducted to examine the geochemical mechanisms influencing the chemistry of groundwater and assess groundwater resources through several water quality indices (WQIs), GIS methods, and the partial least squares regression model (PLSR). For that, 59 groundwater wells were tested for different physical and chemical parameters using conventional analytical procedures. The results showed that the average content of ions was as follows: Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg (2+) > K+ and Cl- > SO42- > HCO32- > NO3- > CO3-. Under the stress of evaporation and saltwater intrusion associated with the reverse ion exchange process, the predominant hydrochemical facies were Ca-HCO3, Na-Cl, mixed Ca-Mg-Cl-SO4, and Na-Ca-HCO3. The drinking water quality index (DWQI) has indicated that only 5% of the wells were categorized under good to excellent for drinking while the majority (95%) were poor to unsuitable for drinking, and required appropriate treatment. Furthermore, the irrigation water quality index (IWQI) has indicated that 45.5% of the wells were classified under high to severe restriction for agriculture, and can be utilized only for high salt tolerant plants. The majority (54.5%) were deemed moderate to no restriction for irrigation, with no toxicity concern for most plants. Agriculture indicators such as total dissolved solids (TDS), potential salinity (PS), sodium absorption ratio (SAR), and residual sodium carbonate (RSC) had mean values of 2572.30, 33.32, 4.84, and -21.14, respectively. However, the quality of the groundwater in the study area improves with increased rainfall and thus recharging the Quaternary aquifer. The PLSR models, which are based on physicochemical characteristics, have been shown to be the most efficient as alternative techniques for determining the six WQIs. For instance, the PLSR models of all IWQs had determination coefficients values of R-2 ranging between 0.848 and 0.999 in the Cal., and between 0.848 and 0.999 in the Val. datasets, and had model accuracy varying from 0.824 to 0.999 in the Cal., and from 0.817 to 0.989 in the Val. datasets. In conclusion, the combination of physicochemical parameters, WQIs, and multivariate modeling with statistical analysis and GIS tools is a successful and adaptable methodology that provides a comprehensive picture of groundwater quality and governing mechanisms.
英文关键词	multivariate modeling physicochemical parameters water quality indices hydrochemical facies GIS techniques
类型	Article
语种	英语
开放获取类型	gold
收录类别	SCI-E
WOS记录号	WOS:000756490700001
WOS关键词	TAMIL-NADU ; RIVER-BASIN ; PURPOSES ; CLASSIFICATION ; HYDROCHEMISTRY ; GEOCHEMISTRY ; ELEMENTS ; DIAGRAM ; WQI
WOS类目	Environmental Sciences ; Water Resources
WOS研究方向	Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Water Resources
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/376451
作者单位	[El Osta, Maged; Masoud, Milad; Alqarawy, Abdulaziz] King Abdulaziz Univ, Water Res Ctr, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; [Alqarawy, Abdulaziz] King Abdulaziz Univ, Fac Meteorol Environm & Arid Land Agr, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; [Elsayed, Salah] Univ Sadat City, Environm Studies & Res Inst, Evaluat Nat Resources Dept, Agr Engn, Sadat City 32897, Egypt; [Gad, Mohamed] Univ Sadat City, Evaluat Nat Resources Dept, Environm Studies & Res Inst, Hydrogeol, Sadat City 32897, Egypt
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	El Osta, Maged,Masoud, Milad,Alqarawy, Abdulaziz,et al. Groundwater Suitability for Drinking and Irrigation Using Water Quality Indices and Multivariate Modeling in Makkah Al-Mukarramah Province, Saudi Arabia[J],2022,14(3).
APA	El Osta, Maged,Masoud, Milad,Alqarawy, Abdulaziz,Elsayed, Salah,&Gad, Mohamed.(2022).Groundwater Suitability for Drinking and Irrigation Using Water Quality Indices and Multivariate Modeling in Makkah Al-Mukarramah Province, Saudi Arabia.WATER,14(3).
MLA	El Osta, Maged,et al."Groundwater Suitability for Drinking and Irrigation Using Water Quality Indices and Multivariate Modeling in Makkah Al-Mukarramah Province, Saudi Arabia".WATER 14.3(2022).