干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): Pharmacy Disparities In Rural Georgia

Arid

	Pharmacy Disparities In Rural Georgia
	Oliveira, Anthony; Singletary, Marcus; Lu, Jia
通讯作者	Oliveira, A (corresponding author)，Valdosta State Univ, Valdosta, GA 31698 USA.
来源期刊	JOURNAL OF RURAL AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
ISSN	1712-8277
出版年	2021
卷号	16 期号:3
英文摘要	The investigators of the present study have identified Georgia as an area that could potentially have spatial equity issues with pharmacy deserts in rural areas and small cities. However, limited studies have been conducted for spatial equity of pharmacies in Georgia. Fewer studies have investigated these phenomena at the state level, and few have performed spatial correlations. Spatial equity refers to the idea that people should have equal or near-equal access to certain services (Hu et al., 2019). To fill in the gap of the literature and aid in forming solutions to pharmacy deserts in Georgia, the present study analyzed geographical patterns of spatial equity of pharmacy. Because large portions of Georgia are rural, such an analysis will elucidate how spatial equity affects such rural communities. Correlational analyses, logical regressions, and spatial analyses using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) were performed to understand the relationship between variables such as race, income level, poverty rate, and the total number of pharmacies. The study applied spatial autocorrelation and cluster analyses in ArcGIS, and statistical correlational analyses, and logical regressions in SPSS. Furthermore, the study used the 5-year (2014-2018) American Community Survey (ACS) database. At the county level, the results showed that a dense population, high median family income, and low poverty rate-among other variables-correlated with more pharmacies. In particular, total population (r(148) = .95) and population density (r(148) = .83) had a strong, positive relationship with the number of pharmacies in each county. Furthermore, the county level logical regression showed that total population and poverty rate significantly predict the number of pharmacies in each county, F(2, 146) = 648.91, P < .001, R2 = .95. At the census tract level, a low unemployment rate, high percentage of Hispanic Americans, and high median family income-among other variables-were associated with more pharmacies. In particular, total population (r(1967) = .28) had the strongest positive relationship with the number of pharmacies in each census tract. GIS global spatial autocorrelation and high-low cluster analyses further confirmed the spatial clustering of pharmacies in urban areas. Overall, results showed that counties and census tracts with lower populations and lower population densities tended to have fewer pharmacies. Because small populations and small population densities tend to couple with rurality, the results indicate that rural Georgia has less access to pharmacies than urban and suburban Georgia. In general, many pharmacy deserts exist in Georgia, and large urban areas have more access to pharmacies than rural areas and small cities. Rural areas of Georgia could experience the adverse effects of pharmacy deserts more than other non-rural areas. Overall, this analysis showed that there is a clear, positive relationship between rural counties and a lower number of pharmacies. Policy suggestions were proposed to increase access in pharmacy deserts.
英文关键词	spatial equity GIS accessibility pharmacy desert spatial analysis
类型	Article
语种	英语
收录类别	ESCI
WOS记录号	WOS:000740665700002
WOS关键词	ACCESSIBILITY
WOS类目	Development Studies
WOS研究方向	Development Studies
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/376164
作者单位	[Oliveira, Anthony; Singletary, Marcus; Lu, Jia] Valdosta State Univ, Valdosta, GA 31698 USA
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Oliveira, Anthony,Singletary, Marcus,Lu, Jia. Pharmacy Disparities In Rural Georgia[J],2021,16(3).
APA	Oliveira, Anthony,Singletary, Marcus,&Lu, Jia.(2021).Pharmacy Disparities In Rural Georgia.JOURNAL OF RURAL AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT,16(3).
MLA	Oliveira, Anthony,et al."Pharmacy Disparities In Rural Georgia".JOURNAL OF RURAL AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT 16.3(2021).