干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): Access to pharmacies and pharmacy services in New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, and Houston, 2015-2020

Arid

DOI	10.1016/j.japh.2021.07.009
	Access to pharmacies and pharmacy services in New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, and Houston, 2015-2020
	Guadamuz, Jenny S.; Alexander, G. Caleb; Zenk, Shannon N.; Kanter, Genevieve P.; Wilder, Jocelyn R.; Qato, Dima M.
通讯作者	Qato, DM (corresponding author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Pharm, 1985 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA.
来源期刊	JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PHARMACISTS ASSOCIATION
ISSN	1544-3191
EISSN	1544-3450
出版年	2021
卷号	61 期号:6 页码:E32-E41
英文摘要	Background: Despite the importance of pharmacies in ensuring medications and health care needs are met, there is limited up-to-date information regarding access to pharmacies or their services in the United States. Objectives: To evaluate trends and disparities in access to pharmacies in 4 largest cities in the United States, New York City, Los Angeles, Houston, and Chicago, by neighborhood racial and ethnic composition from 2015 to 2020. Methods: Data from the National Council for Prescription Drug Programs (2015-2020) and the American Community Survey (2015-2019) were used. We examined neighborhoods (i.e., census tracts) and evaluated disparities in pharmacy deserts (low-income neighborhoods (1) whose average distance to the nearest pharmacy was at least 1 mile or (2) whose average distance to the nearest pharmacy was at least 0.5 mile and at least 100 households had no vehicle access). We also evaluated the differences in pharmacy closures and the availability of pharmacy services. Results: From 2015 to 2020, the percent of neighborhoods with pharmacy deserts declined in New York City (from 1.6% to 0.9% of neighborhoods, P < 0.01), remained stable in Los Angeles (13.7% to 13.4%, P = 0.58) and Houston (27.0% to 28.5%, P = 0.18), and increased in Chicago (15.0% to 19.9%, P < 0.01). Pharmacy deserts were persistently more common in Black and Latino neighborhoods in all 4 cities. As of 2020, pharmacies in Black and Latino neighborhoods were also more likely to close and less likely to offer immunization, 24-hour, and drive-through services than pharmacies in other neighborhoods. Conclusion: To reduce disparities in access to medications and health care services, including those in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic (e.g., testing and vaccinations), policies that improve pharmacy access and expand the provision of pharmacy services in minority neighborhoods are critical. (C) 2021 American Pharmacists Association (R). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
类型	Article
语种	英语
收录类别	SCI-E
WOS记录号	WOS:000717904400008
WOS类目	Pharmacology & Pharmacy
WOS研究方向	Pharmacology & Pharmacy
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/373819
作者单位	[Guadamuz, Jenny S.; Qato, Dima M.] Univ Southern Calif, Sch Pharm, Program Med & Publ Hlth, Titus Family Dept Clin Pharm, Los Angeles, CA USA; [Guadamuz, Jenny S.; Qato, Dima M.] Univ Southern Calif, Leonard D Schaeffer Ctr Hlth Policy & Econ, Los Angeles, CA USA; [Alexander, G. Caleb] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Drug Safety & Effectiveness, Baltimore, MD USA; [Alexander, G. Caleb] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA; [Alexander, G. Caleb] Johns Hopkins Med, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD USA; [Zenk, Shannon N.] NINR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA; [Kanter, Genevieve P.] Univ Penn, Dept Med, Div Gen Internal Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA; [Kanter, Genevieve P.] Univ Penn, Perelman Sch Med, Dept Med Eth & Hlth Policy, Div Med Eth, Philadelphia, PA USA; [Kanter, Genevieve P.] Univ Penn, Leonard Davis Inst Hlth Econ, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA; [Wilder, Jocelyn R.] Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, Chicago, IL USA
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Guadamuz, Jenny S.,Alexander, G. Caleb,Zenk, Shannon N.,et al. Access to pharmacies and pharmacy services in New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, and Houston, 2015-2020[J],2021,61(6):E32-E41.
APA	Guadamuz, Jenny S.,Alexander, G. Caleb,Zenk, Shannon N.,Kanter, Genevieve P.,Wilder, Jocelyn R.,&Qato, Dima M..(2021).Access to pharmacies and pharmacy services in New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, and Houston, 2015-2020.JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PHARMACISTS ASSOCIATION,61(6),E32-E41.
MLA	Guadamuz, Jenny S.,et al."Access to pharmacies and pharmacy services in New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, and Houston, 2015-2020".JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PHARMACISTS ASSOCIATION 61.6(2021):E32-E41.