干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): A Feasibility Assessment of Potential Artificial Recharge for Increasing Agricultural Areas in the Kerbala Desert in Iraq Using Numerical Groundwater Modeling

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DOI	10.3390/w13223167
	A Feasibility Assessment of Potential Artificial Recharge for Increasing Agricultural Areas in the Kerbala Desert in Iraq Using Numerical Groundwater Modeling
	Hassan, Waqed H.; Nile, Basim K.; Mahdi, Karrar; Wesseling, Jan; Ritsema, Coen
通讯作者	Hassan, WH (corresponding author), Univ Kerbala, Coll Engn, Civil Engn, Kerbala 56001, Iraq.
来源期刊	WATER
EISSN	2073-4441
出版年	2021
卷号	13 期号:22
英文摘要	Groundwater in Iraq is considered to be an alternative water resource, especially for areas far away from surface water. Groundwater is affected by many factors including climate change, industrial activities, urbanization, and industrialization. In this study, the effect of artificial recharge on the quantity of groundwater in the Dibdibba unconfined aquifer in Iraq was simulated using a groundwater modeling system (GMS). The main raw water source used in the artificial recharge process was the reclaimed water output (tertiary treatment) from the main wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Kerbala, with 20 injection wells. After calibration and validation of the three-dimensional numerical model used in this study and taking wastewater recharge rates into account, two different scenarios were applied to obtain the expected behavior of the aquifer when the groundwater levels were augmented with 5% and 10% of the daily outflow production of the WWTP in Kerbala. The model matched the observed head elevations with R-2 = 0.951 for steady state and R-2= 0.894 for transient simulations. The results indicate that the injection of treated water through 20 wells raised the water table in more than 91 and 136 km(2) for 5000 and 10,000 m(3)/day pumping rates, respectively. Moreover, increasing the volume of water added to the aquifer could lead to establishing new agricultural areas, spanning more than 62 km(2), extending about 20 km along the river.
英文关键词	artificial recharge Dibdibba aquifer groundwater modeling system GMS
类型	Article
语种	英语
开放获取类型	Green Published, gold
收录类别	SCI-E
WOS记录号	WOS:000728013200001
WOS关键词	WASTE-WATER ; AQUIFER ; SYSTEM
WOS类目	Environmental Sciences ; Water Resources
WOS研究方向	Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Water Resources
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/373708
作者单位	[Hassan, Waqed H.; Nile, Basim K.] Univ Kerbala, Coll Engn, Civil Engn, Kerbala 56001, Iraq; [Mahdi, Karrar; Wesseling, Jan; Ritsema, Coen] Wageningen Univ & Res, Soil Phys & Land Management Grp, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Hassan, Waqed H.,Nile, Basim K.,Mahdi, Karrar,et al. A Feasibility Assessment of Potential Artificial Recharge for Increasing Agricultural Areas in the Kerbala Desert in Iraq Using Numerical Groundwater Modeling[J],2021,13(22).
APA	Hassan, Waqed H.,Nile, Basim K.,Mahdi, Karrar,Wesseling, Jan,&Ritsema, Coen.(2021).A Feasibility Assessment of Potential Artificial Recharge for Increasing Agricultural Areas in the Kerbala Desert in Iraq Using Numerical Groundwater Modeling.WATER,13(22).
MLA	Hassan, Waqed H.,et al."A Feasibility Assessment of Potential Artificial Recharge for Increasing Agricultural Areas in the Kerbala Desert in Iraq Using Numerical Groundwater Modeling".WATER 13.22(2021).