干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): The Rare Earth Elements Potential of Greek Bauxite Active Mines in the Light of a Sustainable REE Demand

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DOI	10.1007/s40831-018-0192-2
	The Rare Earth Elements Potential of Greek Bauxite Active Mines in the Light of a Sustainable REE Demand
	Gamaletsos, Platon N.; Godelitsas, Athanasios; Filippidis, Anestis; Pontikes, Yiannis
通讯作者	Gamaletsos, PN (corresponding author), Tech Univ Denmark, Ctr Electron Nanoscopy, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
来源期刊	JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE METALLURGY
ISSN	2199-3823
EISSN	2199-3831
出版年	2019
卷号	5 期号:1 页码:20-47
英文摘要	More recent data of Greek bauxites from the Parnassos-Ghiona active mines prove that rare earth elements (REEs) occur mainly in the form of authigenic/diagenetic LREE3+ carbonate and phosphate minerals (bastnasite/parisite group and florencite). Bulk geochemistry of representative samples, from underground mines and open pits, showed an increased content in LREE (I LREE-from pound La to Gd-varying between 106 and 913 ppm; avg. I LREE pound = 321 ppm; n = 17), and lower HREE (I HREE-from pound Tb to Lu including Y-varying between 45 and 179 ppm; avg. I HREE pound = 95; n = 17). The overall REE concentration (I REE pound + Y+Sc) varies from 192 to 1109 ppm (avg. 463 ppm; n = 17). The most abundant REE is Ce (min: 67 ppm; max: 655 ppm; avg. 193 ppm; n = 17), exhibiting in general a positive geochemical anomaly (avg. Ce/Ce* -Ce-A-: 2.6), identical to the case of marine Fe-Mn-crust and terrestrial desert vanish, implying also that Ce4+ may exist either in REE-oxides and/or epigenetically sorbed in Fe-oxides. On the other hand, Nd content, which is more interesting for the industry, is lower (avg. 41 ppm; n = 17). The concentration of REEs is much higher in Fe-rich (red) bauxite, compared to Fe-depleted (white) bauxite (avg. I REE pound + Y+Sc = 569 ppm and 268 ppm, respectively). The new data presented herein show a rather lower REE potential of Parnassos-Ghiona bauxites, compared to previous literature, but similar values compared to karst-type bauxites of the globe. Although their REE concentration is higher compared to that of various geochemical reference materials (i.e., positive REE geochemical anomalies in comparison with chondrites, UCC, PAAS, NASC, and ES), it is vitally lower compared to REE resources being mined, such as REE-Fe-Nb-Th deposits. A trend similar to REE geochemical trend also stands for most of the trace elements that are present in Greek bauxites-mainly HFSE-except for LILE. Besides, Greek bauxite metallurgical residue's (red mud) REE content seems to be remarkably increased by almost two times compared to that of the Parnassos-Ghiona bauxite parent material. Scandium is another critical element. In the studied bauxites, it varies from 29 to 73 ppm (avg. 47 ppm; n = 17); it is typical for the Mediterranean and EU bauxites and laterites, but much lower compared to the exploitable Australian laterites. The Fe-rich samples contain higher concentrations of Sc compared to Fe-depleted (avg. 54 and 33 ppm, respectively). This means that common red Greek bauxite is rather more exploitable, with regard to Sc (and the rest REE), but not the white one (which is of high quality in terms of Al). Bulk geochemistry indicates that Sc is correlated to Fe but not to Zr, while microscale observations demonstrated the presence of fine-grained scandian-zircons. This is in line with a very recent study proving that Sc is mainly present in Fe-oxide minerals (mainly hematite and goethite) and zircons. Bulk geochemical Fe-Pb and Fe-As positive correlations are also verified among the associated trace elements. Finally, the investigation of the REE vertical distribution in a characteristic deposit of the B3 horizon (i.e., Pera Lakkos mine case study), showed that the REE concentration is increased in the Fe-rich domain (lying above the footwall limestone), as well as in the coal layer interstratified between the Fe-depleted domain and the hanging wall limestone. However, it is revealed that the Ce/Ce* (Ce-A) is increased in the coal layer and is raised to the uppermost Fe-depleted domain, but not the lowermost Fe-rich bauxite domain. This might be attributed to the Ce3+ a dagger Ce4+ and the LREE re-mobilization during the supergene/epigenetic processes.
英文关键词	Rare earth elements Scandium Bauxite Bauxite residue Red mud
类型	Article
语种	英语
收录类别	SCI-E
WOS记录号	WOS:000458966400003
WOS关键词	CRITICAL METALS DISTRIBUTION ; NEUTRON-ACTIVATION ANALYSIS ; ZAGROS MOUNTAIN BELT ; KARST-TYPE BAUXITE ; FERROMANGANESE CRUSTS ; GEOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATIONS ; MINERALOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS ; DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS ; IRAN IMPLICATIONS ; WEST-AZARBAIDJAN
WOS类目	Green & Sustainable Science & Technology ; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
WOS研究方向	Science & Technology - Other Topics ; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/369297
作者单位	[Gamaletsos, Platon N.] Tech Univ Denmark, Ctr Electron Nanoscopy, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark; [Godelitsas, Athanasios] Univ Athens, Dept Geol & Geoenvironm, Zografou Campus, Athens 15784, Greece; [Filippidis, Anestis] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Geol, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece; [Pontikes, Yiannis] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Mat Engn, Kasteelpk Arenberg 44, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Gamaletsos, Platon N.,Godelitsas, Athanasios,Filippidis, Anestis,et al. The Rare Earth Elements Potential of Greek Bauxite Active Mines in the Light of a Sustainable REE Demand[J],2019,5(1):20-47.
APA	Gamaletsos, Platon N.,Godelitsas, Athanasios,Filippidis, Anestis,&Pontikes, Yiannis.(2019).The Rare Earth Elements Potential of Greek Bauxite Active Mines in the Light of a Sustainable REE Demand.JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE METALLURGY,5(1),20-47.
MLA	Gamaletsos, Platon N.,et al."The Rare Earth Elements Potential of Greek Bauxite Active Mines in the Light of a Sustainable REE Demand".JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE METALLURGY 5.1(2019):20-47.