干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): Spatial clustering of livestock Anthrax events associated with agro-ecological zones in Kenya, 1957-2017

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DOI	10.1186/s12879-021-05871-9
	Spatial clustering of livestock Anthrax events associated with agro-ecological zones in Kenya, 1957-2017
	Nderitu, Leonard M.; Gachohi, John; Otieno, Frederick; Mogoa, Eddy G.; Muturi, Mathew; Mwatondo, Athman; Osoro, Eric M.; Ngere, Isaac; Munyua, Peninah M.; Oyas, Harry; Njagi, Obadiah; Lofgren, Eric; Marsh, Thomas; Widdowson, Marc-Alain; Bett, Bernard; Njenga, M. Kariuki
通讯作者	Gachohi, J (corresponding author), Washington State Univ, Global Hlth Program Kenya, WSU, Nairobi, Kenya. ; Gachohi, J (corresponding author), Jomo Kenyatta Univ Agr & Technol, Sch Publ Hlth, Nairobi, Kenya.
来源期刊	BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES
EISSN	1471-2334
出版年	2021
卷号	21 期号:1
英文摘要	BackgroundDeveloping disease risk maps for priority endemic and episodic diseases is becoming increasingly important for more effective disease management, particularly in resource limited countries. For endemic and easily diagnosed diseases such as anthrax, using historical data to identify hotspots and start to define ecological risk factors of its occurrence is a plausible approach. Using 666 livestock anthrax events reported in Kenya over 60years (1957-2017), we determined the temporal and spatial patterns of the disease as a step towards identifying and characterizing anthrax hotspots in the region.MethodsData were initially aggregated by administrative unit and later analyzed by agro-ecological zones (AEZ) to reveal anthrax spatio-temporal trends and patterns. Variations in the occurrence of anthrax events were estimated by fitting Poisson generalized linear mixed-effects models to the data with AEZs and calendar months as fixed effects and sub-counties as random effects.ResultsThe country reported approximately 10 anthrax events annually, with the number increasing to as many as 50 annually by the year 2005. Spatial classification of the events in eight counties that reported the highest numbers revealed spatial clustering in certain administrative sub-counties, with 12% of the sub-counties responsible for over 30% of anthrax events, whereas 36% did not report any anthrax disease over the 60-year period. When segregated by AEZs, there was significantly greater risk of anthrax disease occurring in agro-alpine, high, and medium potential AEZs when compared to the agriculturally low potential arid and semi-arid AEZs of the country (p<0.05). Interestingly, cattle were>10 times more likely to be infected by B. anthracis than sheep, goats, or camels. There was lower risk of anthrax events in August (P=0.034) and December (P=0.061), months that follow long and short rain periods, respectively.ConclusionTaken together, these findings suggest existence of certain geographic, ecological, and demographic risk factors that promote B. anthracis persistence and trasmission in the disease hotspots.
英文关键词	Clustering Livestock Anthrax Agro-ecological zones Kenya
类型	Article
语种	英语
开放获取类型	gold, Green Published
收录类别	SCI-E
WOS记录号	WOS:000621089700006
WOS关键词	CUTANEOUS ANTHRAX ; EPIDEMIOLOGY ; OUTBREAKS ; HUMANS
WOS类目	Infectious Diseases
WOS研究方向	Infectious Diseases
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/369006
作者单位	[Nderitu, Leonard M.; Lofgren, Eric; Marsh, Thomas; Njenga, M. Kariuki] Washington State Univ, Paul G Allen Sch Global Hlth, Pullman, WA 99164 USA; [Nderitu, Leonard M.; Gachohi, John; Osoro, Eric M.; Ngere, Isaac; Njenga, M. Kariuki] Washington State Univ, Global Hlth Program Kenya, WSU, Nairobi, Kenya; [Gachohi, John] Jomo Kenyatta Univ Agr & Technol, Sch Publ Hlth, Nairobi, Kenya; [Otieno, Frederick; Muturi, Mathew; Mwatondo, Athman; Bett, Bernard] Int Livestock Res Inst, Nairobi, Kenya; [Mogoa, Eddy G.] Univ Nairobi, Coll Agr & Vet Sci, Nairobi, Kenya; [Mogoa, Eddy G.] Univ Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; [Mwatondo, Athman] Kenya Zoonot Dis Unit, Nairobi, Kenya; [Munyua, Peninah M.; Widdowson, Marc-Alain] United States Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Hlth Protect, Nairobi, Kenya; [Oyas, Harry; Njagi, Obadiah] Kenya Minist Agr Livestock & Fisheries, Nairobi, Kenya; [Widdowson, Marc-Alain] Inst Trop Med, Antwerp, Belgium
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Nderitu, Leonard M.,Gachohi, John,Otieno, Frederick,et al. Spatial clustering of livestock Anthrax events associated with agro-ecological zones in Kenya, 1957-2017[J],2021,21(1).
APA	Nderitu, Leonard M..,Gachohi, John.,Otieno, Frederick.,Mogoa, Eddy G..,Muturi, Mathew.,...&Njenga, M. Kariuki.(2021).Spatial clustering of livestock Anthrax events associated with agro-ecological zones in Kenya, 1957-2017.BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES,21(1).
MLA	Nderitu, Leonard M.,et al."Spatial clustering of livestock Anthrax events associated with agro-ecological zones in Kenya, 1957-2017".BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES 21.1(2021).