干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): Information-Reference System Creation Prerequisites for the Ground Forces Identification on the Battlefield According to NATO Standards

Arid

	Information-Reference System Creation Prerequisites for the Ground Forces Identification on the Battlefield According to NATO Standards
	Korolov, Volodymyr; Korolova, Olha; Milkovicha, Igor; Zaietsa, Yaroslav; Zhyvchuka, Viacheslav; Lytvyn, Vasyl; Bublyk, Myroslava
通讯作者	Korolov, V (corresponding author), Hetman Petro Sahaidachnyi Natl Army Acad, Heroes Maidan St 32, UA-79012 Lvov, Ukraine.
会议名称	5th International Conference on Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Systems (COLINS)
会议日期	APR 22-23, 2021
会议地点	Kharkiv, UKRAINE
英文摘要	Fighting in modern military conflicts is primarily characterized by unpredictability and nonstandard features of combat, rapid raids, opening fire from long distances on closed targets, with limited time for decision-making and lack of situational awareness. This leads to the fact that under the influence of objective and subjective factors there is a high probability of getting under friendly fire. The war in eastern Ukraine, military conflicts in the former Soviet Union (Moldova, Georgia, Nagorno-Karabakh), the former Yugoslavia, etc., mostly took place in a limited area, and the weapons and military equipment used on both sides were usually produced in the same country and they not visually differ significantly. Therefore, the existing methods and means of recognition in this situation simply did not work. Analyzing the causes for falling under friendly fire, we note two main ones. The so-called position error, which is associated with the quality of weapons (ability to fire accurately), imperfect ammunition (premature operation, the fire coming short of target) or an error in aiming at a target, and an error of identification when the fire is deliberately conducted on one's own troops, which have been mistaken for an enemy. All this stems from the inaccuracy or lack of information, gross errors of control, which are possible during the war. The inherent feature of mobile combat, with the rapidity of fire exchanges, which do not leave time for reflection, also plays an important role. The application of the relevant basic doctrine to prevent troops from falling under friendly fire during intense battle, at first glance, is quite simple and includes: 1 Tracking from the control points the actions of friendly forces, constant monitoring over their movement and location; Determining the location of enemy positions by collecting information in real time; Division into friendly and enemy by means of surveillance and aiming systems or by other special systems; In case of receiving a positive identification - opening fire on the target. Unfortunately, practice shows that this task is quite difficult, given the negative impact of a number of factors, namely: Modern offensive military operations are carried out at a fairly high pace and around the clock, with the movement of troops in unfamiliar terrain in conditions of limited visibility; Most combat clashes and fire exchanges occur rapidly, with shelling of quickly moving targets over long distances; Virtually unlimited combat range of the weapons significantly affects the ability of the shooter to destroy the target when determining a positive identification (despite the presence of thermal detection, especially in the desert or steppe zone); Error-free real-time determination of their own location, as well as friendly and enemy forces is determined not only by visibility conditions, but also depends on the orientation and the availability of sufficient time for commanders to form a clear idea of fire exchange with the enemy. The task of recognizing the affiliation of forces on the battlefield or in the area of operations is solved by a combination of control procedures, situational intelligence, the use of technical means and effective training. As this task is complicated by increased distance, terrain complexity and reduced visibility, the main means of preventing misidentification and fratricide, especially at the level of military units and above, is the use of effective management measures. The purpose of combat identification is, based on a common doctrine, providing effective training and compliance with the rules of combat operations, improving situational intelligence, as well as methods, means and devices of recognition, in order to increase combat effectiveness and, consequently, reduce casualties of friendly troops. The purpose of target identification is to determine the nature of the object on the battlefield as allied, enemy, neutral or non-combat. Mutual identification of ground forces on the battlefield is carried out by establishing a stable relationship and the use of certain methods and methods of control, namely: control of forces and means in combat, automatic and manual request and response systems, personnel training, and battlefield management systems. Allied forces are identified and recognized by many means. The effectiveness of these tools directly depends on the training that commanders and fighters undergo before the operation. Such means include: identification of configurations of personnel and armaments, dynamics of actions; time parameters, sound characteristics, electronic radiation, infrared spectrum; signals, information about the deployment of troops; ground panels (pointers) of combat identification, etc. Combat Identification (CID) devices of NATO member armies are used in accordance with established identification algorithms for the identification of Allied troops. These devices help identify friendly troops on the battlefield or in the combat zone to reduce the risk of striking coalition forces. CID devices can unmask formation positions, so they should used or activated for a limited or fixed period. Time limits for the use of these devices are set at the appropriate command level. Among the numerous means of recognition, the following are considered the most effective: Battlefield Target Identification Devices (BTID); identification based on the means of automatic transmission of data about their troops (Radio Based Combat Identification - RBCI); Reverse Identification Friend or Foe (IFF) system; Recognition by means of radio tags (Radio Frequency Identification tags - RF tags). Standards, methods and procedures for the use of means and devices of combat identification include: combat identification panel (Combat Identification Panel - CIP), identification thermal panel, thermal recognition beacon, emitters of the near infrared (IR) spectrum, reflective tape, or reflective near infrared spectrum, vehicle marking system. Thus, in the process of combat identification, a wide range of devices that work on different physical principles is used. This generates huge amounts of information that requires appropriate analysis in the implementation of combat identification. At the same time, in order to ensure the efficiency of the coalition forces' management, the time allowed for information processing and decision-making is extremely limited. This leads to information overload of the commander. In order to reduce this workload and increase combat effectiveness and, as a result, reduce the number of casualties of friendly troops, the objective of developing an Information and Reference System for the recognition of ground forces on the battlefield according to NATO standards is relevant. The aim of the article is to find the ways to increase efficiency of combat identification of ground forces on the battlefield according to NATO standards.
英文关键词	NATO standards target identification combat identification technical means fire ground forces friendly troops battlefield
来源出版物	COLINS 2021: COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS AND INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS, VOL I
ISSN	1613-0073
出版年	2021
卷号	2870
出版者	RWTH AACHEN
类型	Proceedings Paper
语种	英语
收录类别	CPCI-S ; CPCI-SSH
WOS记录号	WOS:000682922000084
WOS类目	Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence ; Computer Science, Information Systems ; Linguistics ; Language & Linguistics
WOS研究方向	Computer Science ; Linguistics
资源类型	会议论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/365658
作者单位	[Korolov, Volodymyr; Korolova, Olha; Milkovicha, Igor; Zaietsa, Yaroslav; Zhyvchuka, Viacheslav] Hetman Petro Sahaidachnyi Natl Army Acad, Heroes Maidan St 32, UA-79012 Lvov, Ukraine; [Lytvyn, Vasyl; Bublyk, Myroslava] Lviv Polytech Natl Univ, S Bandera St 12, UA-79013 Lvov, Ukraine
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Korolov, Volodymyr,Korolova, Olha,Milkovicha, Igor,et al. Information-Reference System Creation Prerequisites for the Ground Forces Identification on the Battlefield According to NATO Standards[C]:RWTH AACHEN,2021.