干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 全膜覆土种植和施肥对旱地苦荞耗水特征及产量的影响

Arid

	全膜覆土种植和施肥对旱地苦荞耗水特征及产量的影响
其他题名	Effects of whole soil-plastic mulching system and fertilization rates on water consumption characteristics and yield of tartary buckwheat in arid land
	方彦杰; 张绪成; 侯慧芝; 于显枫; 王红丽; 马一凡; 张国平; 雷康宁
来源期刊	作物学报
ISSN	0496-3490
出版年	2021
卷号	47 期号:6 页码:0496-3490
中文摘要	探究全膜覆土种植和施肥水平对半干旱区旱地苦荞土壤耗水特征和产量的影响,于2015-2017年连续3年进行定位试验,全膜覆土种植方式下,设置高量(N 120 kg hm~(-2)+P_2O_5 90 kg hm~(-2)+K_2O 60 kg hm~(-2),HF)、中量(N 80 kg hm~(-2)+P_2O_5 60 kg hm~(-2)+K_2O 40 kg hm~(-2),MF)、低量(N 40 kg hm~(-2)+P_2O_5 30 kg hm~(-2)+K_2O 20 kg hm~(-2),LF)和零施肥(ZF),以传统露地种植不施肥为CK,共5个处理,以明确全膜覆土种植和施肥对半干旱区苦荞的耗水特性、产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,苦荞全膜覆土种植后集雨保墒效果明显,能够改善土壤水分环境,增加花前贮水,LF能够根据不同降水年型和土壤水分状况调控苦荞花前花后土壤耗水,在干旱年LF较ZF、MF、HF、CK能够提高苦荞花后土壤贮水量2.8~23.5 mm,增加花前0~100 cm土层土壤剖面水分耗散量26.3~32.4 mm,增加生育期总耗水量44.5 mm,提高耗水模系数、耗水强度,显著增加成熟期干物质量1.2%~58.8%、灌浆期叶面积指数4.1%~68.5%,增加单株粒重1.6%~61.6%,提高籽粒饱满率0.6%~29.2%,增加生物量1.1%~182.5%,提高产量1.1%~130.4%,提高水分利用效率0.3%~102.7%。可见,旱地苦荞全膜覆土种植低量施肥处理贮水效果明显,能够达到水肥耦合作用,且能够根据降水等环境条件调控植株生育期耗水,显著提高苦荞生物产量、产量和水分利用效率,是适宜于半干旱区苦荞增产增效的栽培模式。
英文摘要	In order to study the effects of whole soil-plastic mulching planting and different fertilization rates on soil water consumption characteristics and yields of tartary buckwheat,a three-year(2015-2017)located experiment was carried out in semi-arid region of east-central Gansu Province,China,under whole soil-plastic mulching planting system.Four fertilization treatments under soil-plastic mulching were accordingly designed,including high application rate(HF,N 120 kg hm~(-2)+P_2O_5 90 kg hm~(-2)+K_2O 60 kg hm~(-2)),medium rate(MF,N 80 kg hm~(-2)+P_2O_5 60 kg hm~(-2)+K_2O 40 kg hm~(-2)),low rate(LF,N 40 kg hm~(-2)+P_2O_5 30 kg hm~(-2)+K_2O 20 kg hm~(-2)),and zero fertilization rate(ZF),whereas ZF with traditional non-mulching planting was set as the control(CK)to illustrate the effects of soil-plastic mulching and fertilization on water consumption characteristics,yields and water use efficiency(WUE)of tartary buckwheat in semi-arid area of China.The results showed that the effects of rainwater collection and soil moisture conservation were obvious after planting tartary buckwheat with whole soil-plastic mulching,which also improved soil water environment and increased pre-anthesis soil water storage(SWS,mm).LF was able to regulate soil water consumption before and after anthesis stage according to different precipitation years and soil moisture conditions.Compared with ZF,MF,HF,and CK in dry years,LF improved post-anthesis SWS by 2.8-23.5 mm and increased crop pre-anthesis water consumption in the 0-100 mm soil profile by 26.3-32.4 mm in tartary buckwheat.As a result,LF increased total crop water consumption in the whole growth period by 44.5 mm,and boosted water consumption module coefficient and intensity.Moreover,compared with ZF,MF,HF and CK,LF treatment increased dry matter weight at maturity stage by 1.2%-58.8%,leaf area index(LAI)at filling stage by 4.1%-68.5%,grain weight per plant by 1.6%-61.6%,plumpness rate by 0.6%-29.2%,biomass yield by 1.1%-182.5%,grain yield by 1.1%-130.4%,and water use efficiency(WUE,kg hm~(-2) mm~(-1))by 0.3%-102.7%,respectively.In conclusion,the storage effect of low amount fertilizer treatment for tartary buckwheat planting with whole soil-plastic mulching in dry land was obvious,which could achieve the coupling effects of soil moisture and fertilizer and regulate crop water consumption according to the environmental conditions such as precipitation during crop growth period,and it could significantly improve the biomass yield,grain yield and WUE of tartary buckwheat.Therefore,it was a suitable cultivation mode for yield-increasing and efficiency-boosting of tartary buckwheat in semi-arid area.
中文关键词	苦荞 ; 全膜覆土种植 ; 施肥 ; 耗水特征 ; 产量 ; 水分利用效率
英文关键词	tartary buckwheat whole soil-plastic mulching planting fertilization water consumption yield water use efficiency
类型	Article
语种	中文
国家	中国
开放获取类型	gold
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	Agriculture
CSCD记录号	CSCD:6972432
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/365498
作者单位	方彦杰, 甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所, 甘肃省旱作区水资源高效利用重点实验室, 兰州, 甘肃 730070, 中国.; 张绪成, 甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所, 甘肃省旱作区水资源高效利用重点实验室, 兰州, 甘肃 730070, 中国.; 侯慧芝, 甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所, 甘肃省旱作区水资源高效利用重点实验室, 兰州, 甘肃 730070, 中国.; 于显枫, 甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所, 甘肃省旱作区水资源高效利用重点实验室, 兰州, 甘肃 730070, 中国.; 王红丽, 甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所, 甘肃省旱作区水资源高效利用重点实验室, 兰州, 甘肃 730070, 中国.; 马一凡, 甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所, 甘肃省旱作区水资源高效利用重点实验室, 兰州, 甘肃 730070, 中国.; 张国平, 甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所, 甘肃省旱作区水资源高效利用重点实验室, 兰州, 甘肃 730070, 中国.; 雷康宁, 甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所, 甘肃省旱作区水资源高效利用重点实验室, 兰州, 甘肃 730070, 中国.
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	方彦杰,张绪成,侯慧芝,等. 全膜覆土种植和施肥对旱地苦荞耗水特征及产量的影响[J],2021,47(6):0496-3490.
APA	方彦杰.,张绪成.,侯慧芝.,于显枫.,王红丽.,...&雷康宁.(2021).全膜覆土种植和施肥对旱地苦荞耗水特征及产量的影响.作物学报,47(6),0496-3490.
MLA	方彦杰,et al."全膜覆土种植和施肥对旱地苦荞耗水特征及产量的影响".作物学报 47.6(2021):0496-3490.