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	中国陆地生态系统分类识别及其近20年的时空变化
其他题名	Terrestrial ecosystem classification and its spatiotemporal changes in China during last 20 years
	刘亚群; 吕昌河; 傅伯杰; 于伯华
来源期刊	生态学报
ISSN	1000-0933
出版年	2021
卷号	41 期号:10 页码:1000-0933
中文摘要	生态系统分类制图是理解生态系统时空格局和支撑生态系统分类管理的基础。研究以反映生态系统主导服务功能和人类干预强度为主线,构建了包括9个一级和25个二级类的生态系统分类体系,集成土地利用、气候、地形、植被、土壤、居民点分布等多源数据,开展了2000和2020年中国陆地生态系统的分类制图,并对其类型、结构、格局及时空变化特征进行了分析。结果表明:近20年,我国城镇生态系统扩张1.1倍,64.51%来自耕种生态系统。耕种生态系统缩减0.88万km~2,其中水田和旱田分别减少0.60万km~2和2.09万km~2,但绿洲扩张1.81万km~2。受退耕还林还草影响,农牧和农林混合生态系统分别减少2.88万km~2和0.92万km~2,林地生态系统增加1.61万km~2。水域湿地生态系统增加0.31万km~2,70%源自沼泽生态系统的扩张,尤其是青藏高原水域湿地,受气候变暖影响扩张明显。气候暖湿化促使部分干旱荒漠和冰冻寒漠生态系统的盖度增加,使牧草地生态系统增加9.97万km~2,而干旱荒漠和冰冻寒漠生态系统分别减少14.98万km~2和0.92万km~2。我国生态系统变化导致整体景观的连接性下降、破碎度增加、类型多样性增加,斑块间生态过程的阻碍增强。我国生态状况明显改善,92.06%的区域NDVI增加,平均NDVI增幅为0.74%/ a,其中农牧和农林混合生态系统NDVI增幅最显著,分别为1.26%/ a和0.85%/ a。该分类方案与制图结果突出了生态系统结构、生态环境风险和生产力的差异,可为宏观尺度的生态系统管理提供科学支撑。
英文摘要	Ecosystem classification is fundamental for its identification of spatiotemporal changes and type-oriented management.Based on the dominant service function and human intervention intensity, this study developed an ecosystem classification system comprising 9 first-level and 25 second-level categories, identified their spatial distribution, and further analyzed the spatiotemporal changes between 2000 and 2020, by integrating multi-source data of land use, climate, topography, vegetation, soil, and settlement distribution.The results showed that urban/ township ecosystem in China expanded 1.1 times, with 64.51% of the increased area converted from the cultivated land ecosystem.Cultivated land ecosystem was shrunk by 0.8810~4 km~2, its second-level ecosystems of paddyland and dry farmland decreased by 0.6010~4 km~2 and 2.0910~4 km~2, respectively, and oasis farmland expanded by 1.8110~4 km~2.Due to implementation of the "Grain for Green" project, mixed farmland/ pastureland and farmland/ forestland ecosystems decreased by 2.8810~4 km~2 and 0.9210~4 km~2, respectively, while the forestland ecosystem increased by 1.6110~4 km~2.The water/ wetland ecosystem increased by 0.3110~4 km~2, of which 70% was from the expansion of marshland ecosystem.With the climate becoming warmer and wetter, the arid desert and frozen land ecosystems were shrunk by 14.9810~4 km~2 and 0.9210~4 km~2, respectively, while the pastureland ecosystem was expanded by 9.97*10~4 km~2.Associated with these changes, the landscape connectivity declined while the fragmentation and diversity, as well as the resistance of ecological processes increased.The ecological status in China improved significantly from 2000 to 2020, with 92.06% of the ecosystems showing an increase in the normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) at the mean increase rate of 0.74% / a.Of the identified ecosystems, the mixed farmland/ pastureland and farmland/ forestland ecosystems showed the most evident increase in the NDVI, increased by 1.26% / a and 0.85% / a, respectively.The classification and mapping results highlight the differences in ecosystem structure, ecological environment risks and productivity, providing scientific support for macro-scale ecosystem management.
中文关键词	陆地生态系统分类 ; 人类活动 ; 聚类分析 ; 时空格局 ; NDVI变化趋势
英文关键词	terrestrial ecosystem classification human activities cluster analysis spatiotemporal pattern NDVI change trends
类型	Article
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	Environmental Sciences & Ecology
CSCD记录号	CSCD:6982649
来源机构	中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/365236
作者单位	刘亚群, 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所;;中国科学院大学, 资源与环境学院, 中国科学院陆地表层格局与模拟重点实验室;;, ;;, 北京;;北京 100101;;100190, 中国.; 吕昌河, 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所;;中国科学院大学, 资源与环境学院, 中国科学院陆地表层格局与模拟重点实验室;;, ;;, 北京;;北京 100101;;100190, 中国.; 傅伯杰, 中国科学院生态环境研究中心;;北京师范大学地理科学学部, 城市与区域生态国家重点实验室;;地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室, ;;, 北京;;北京 100085;;100875, 中国.; 于伯华, 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所, 中国科学院陆地表层格局与模拟重点实验室, 北京 100101, 中国.
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	刘亚群,吕昌河,傅伯杰,等. 中国陆地生态系统分类识别及其近20年的时空变化[J]. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,2021,41(10):1000-0933.
APA	刘亚群,吕昌河,傅伯杰,&于伯华.(2021).中国陆地生态系统分类识别及其近20年的时空变化.生态学报,41(10),1000-0933.
MLA	刘亚群,et al."中国陆地生态系统分类识别及其近20年的时空变化".生态学报 41.10(2021):1000-0933.