干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 塔里木河下游生态输水条件下胡杨林生态系统恢复研究

Arid

	塔里木河下游生态输水条件下胡杨林生态系统恢复研究
其他题名	Ecosystem restoration of Populus euphratica forest under the ecological water conveyance in the lower reaches of Tarim River
	朱成刚; 艾克热木·阿布拉; 李卫红; 周洪华
来源期刊	干旱区地理
ISSN	1000-6060
出版年	2021
卷号	44 期号:3 页码:1000-6060
中文摘要	基于文献阅读,对塔里木河下游生态输水条件下胡杨林生态系统的恢复响应进行了讨论分析。生态输水显著抬升了地下水位,降低了地下水矿化度与土壤干旱指数,有效改善了塔里木河下游胡杨林生态系统的生境;胡杨复壮明显,距河道50 m胡杨冠幅最大增长达511.20%,距河道500 m内胡杨枯枝比平均小于0.15。输水后,下游胡杨树干径向生长平均增加62.80%,以胡杨为建群种的下游荒漠河岸林植被面积从2000年的492 km~2增加到2020年的1423 km~2,其中,低、中、高覆盖度植被面积分别增加20.80%、448.00%和190.00%;下游生态环境与植被群落对输水响应敏感,随输水量变化响应波动;现有输水模式因缺乏面上水文过程而难以保障下游胡杨林的有效更新,胡杨种群历经输水20 a依然保持倒金字塔型的退化龄级结构,并出现显著的性比偏雄与性别空间分异;胡杨群落依然处于恢复演替的初级阶段且不稳定,下游生态系统退化态势尚未彻底扭转。基于研究综述,探讨了塔里木河下游生态恢复中存在的问题,提出优化输水方案,扩大受水面积和采取更加积极的恢复措施的建议。
英文摘要	The desert riparian forest distributed in the Tarim River Basin, with Populus euphratica Oliv. as the dominant species, is an important desert forest ecosystem in Central Asia. It provides multiple ecological services for the region, including resource supply, climate regulation, sand protection, soil and water conservation, and biodiversity protection, and an important P. euphratica gene pool. However, because of the large-scale development of water and soil resources in the upper reaches of the Tarim River Basin, the spatial distribution of water resources in its upper and lower reaches is gradually imbalanced, resulting in a 400-km river cutoff in the lower reaches of the Tarim River. As a result, P. euphratica forest ecosystems in the lower reaches of the basin were seriously degraded, desertification intensified, biodiversity was significantly reduced, and the ecological environment deteriorated day by day. In 2000, the Chinese government began to implement an ecological restoration project in the Tarim River and enforce ecological water conveyance to the lower reaches to save the dying P. euphratica forest. On the basis of the literature review, in this paper, the restoration of P. euphratica forest ecosystems under ecological water conveyance in the last 20 years in the lower reaches of the Tarim River was discussed and analyzed. Ecological water conveyance significantly raised the groundwater level, reduced the groundwater salinity and soil drought index, and effectively improved the habitat of P. euphratica forest ecosystems in the lower reaches of the Tarim River. The rejuvenation of P. euphratica was obvious: its crown width increased by 511.20% at 50 m away from the river, and its crown was full within 500 m away from the river; the average ratio of dead branches was less than 0.15. Because of water conveyance, on average, the radial growth of P. euphratica trunk increased by 62.80%, and the vegetation area of the desert riparian forest with P. euphratica as the constructive species increased from 492 km~2 in 2000 to 1423 km~2 in 2020. Low-, medium-, and high- coverage vegetation areas increased by 20.80%, 448.00%, and 190.00%, respectively, in the lower reaches of the Tarim River. The ecological environment and vegetation community in the lower reaches of the Tarim River were sensitive to and fluctuated with changes in water conveyance. The existing ecological water conveyance mode barely ensured the effective regeneration of the P. euphratica forest in the lower reaches because of its lack of surface hydrological processes, and the P. euphratica population still maintained theinverted pyramiddegradation age class structure after 20 years of ecologic water conveyance. There were significant sex ratio bias and sexual spatial segregation in the P. euphratica community in the lower reaches of the Tarim River, which was still in the primary stage of restoration and succession, and the degradation trend of the downstream P. euphratica community had not been completely reversed. On the basis of the review, in this paper, the problems in the ecological restoration of the lower reaches of the Tarim River were discussed, and suggestions foroptimizing the water conveyance scheme, expanding the water receiving area, and taking more active restoration measureswere put forward.
中文关键词	塔里木河 ; 生态输水 ; 胡杨 ; 生态恢复
英文关键词	Tarim River ecological water conveyance Populus euphratica ecological restoration
类型	Article
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	Forestry
CSCD记录号	CSCD:6983206
来源机构	中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/365019
作者单位	朱成刚, 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所, 荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐, 新疆 830011, 中国.; 李卫红, 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所, 荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐, 新疆 830011, 中国.; 周洪华, 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所, 荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐, 新疆 830011, 中国.; 艾克热木·阿布拉, 新疆塔里木河流域管理局, 库尔勒, 新疆 841000, 中国.
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	朱成刚,艾克热木·阿布拉,李卫红,等. 塔里木河下游生态输水条件下胡杨林生态系统恢复研究[J]. 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,2021,44(3):1000-6060.
APA	朱成刚,艾克热木·阿布拉,李卫红,&周洪华.(2021).塔里木河下游生态输水条件下胡杨林生态系统恢复研究.干旱区地理,44(3),1000-6060.
MLA	朱成刚,et al."塔里木河下游生态输水条件下胡杨林生态系统恢复研究".干旱区地理 44.3(2021):1000-6060.