干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): Temperature, humidity and outdoor air quality indicators influence COVID-19 spread rate and mortality in major cities of Saudi Arabia

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DOI	10.1016/j.envres.2021.112071
	Temperature, humidity and outdoor air quality indicators influence COVID-19 spread rate and mortality in major cities of Saudi Arabia
	Ismail, Iqbal M. I.; Rashid, Muhammad Imtiaz; Ali, Nadeem; Altaf, Bothinah Abdullah Saeed; Munir, Muhammad
通讯作者	Rashid, MI (corresponding author), King Abdulaziz Univ, Ctr Excellence Environm Studies, POB 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
来源期刊	ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
ISSN	0013-9351
EISSN	1096-0953
出版年	2022
卷号	204
英文摘要	There is an increasing evidence that meteorological (temperature, relative humidity, dew) and air quality in-dicators (PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, CO) are affecting the COVID-19 transmission rate and the number of deaths in many countries around the globe. However, there are contradictory results due to limited observations of these parameters and absence of conclusive evidence on such relationships in cold or hot arid tropical and subtropical desert climate of Gulf region. This is the first study exploring the relationships of the meteorological (temper-ature, relative humidity, and dew) and air quality indicators (PM10,CO, and SO2) with daily COVID-19 infections and death cases for a period of six months (1st March to August 31, 2020) in six selected cities of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia by using generalized additive model. The Akaike information criterion (AIC) was used to assess factors affecting the infections rate and deaths through the selection of best model whereas overfitting of multivariate model was avoided by using cross-validation. Spearman correlation indicated that exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) temperature and relative humidity (R 0.0001) are the main variables affecting the daily COVID-19 infections and deaths. EWMA temperature and relative humidity showed non linear relationships with the number of COVID-19 infections and deaths (DF1, P < 0.0001). Daily COVID-19 infections showed a positive relationship at temperature between 23 and 34.5 degrees C and relative humidity ranging from 30 to 60%; a negative relationship was found below and/or above these ranges. Similarly, the number of deaths had a positive relationship at temperature >28.7 degrees C and with relative humidity <40%, showing higher number of deaths above this temperature and below this relative humidity rate. All air quality indicators had linear relationships with the number of COVID-19 infections and deaths (P < 0.0001). Hence, variation in temperature, relative humidity and air pollution indicators could be important factors influencing the COVID-19 spread and mortality. Under the current scenario with rising temperature and relative humidity, the number of cases is increasing, hence it justifies an active government policy to lessen COVID-19 infection rate.
英文关键词	Air pollution Arid tropical and subtropical desert climate COVID-19 Generalized additive model Gulf
类型	Article
语种	英语
开放获取类型	Green Published
收录类别	SCI-E
WOS记录号	WOS:000704709300009
WOS关键词	RESPIRATORY-DISEASES ; POLLUTION ; EXTREMES ; DEATH
WOS类目	Environmental Sciences ; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
WOS研究方向	Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/363152
作者单位	[Ismail, Iqbal M. I.; Rashid, Muhammad Imtiaz; Ali, Nadeem] King Abdulaziz Univ, Ctr Excellence Environm Studies, POB 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; [Ismail, Iqbal M. I.] King Abdulaziz Univ, Dept Chem, Fac Sci, POB 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; [Altaf, Bothinah Abdullah Saeed] King Abdulaziz Univ, Dept Stat, Fac Sci, Female Campus,POB 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; [Munir, Muhammad] Univ Lancaster, Div Biomed & Life Sci, Lancaster, England
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Ismail, Iqbal M. I.,Rashid, Muhammad Imtiaz,Ali, Nadeem,et al. Temperature, humidity and outdoor air quality indicators influence COVID-19 spread rate and mortality in major cities of Saudi Arabia[J],2022,204.
APA	Ismail, Iqbal M. I.,Rashid, Muhammad Imtiaz,Ali, Nadeem,Altaf, Bothinah Abdullah Saeed,&Munir, Muhammad.(2022).Temperature, humidity and outdoor air quality indicators influence COVID-19 spread rate and mortality in major cities of Saudi Arabia.ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH,204.
MLA	Ismail, Iqbal M. I.,et al."Temperature, humidity and outdoor air quality indicators influence COVID-19 spread rate and mortality in major cities of Saudi Arabia".ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 204(2022).