干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): A new extinct species of alligator lizard (Squamata: Elgaria) and an expanded perspective on the osteology and phylogeny of Gerrhonotinae

Arid

DOI	10.1186/s12862-021-01912-8
	A new extinct species of alligator lizard (Squamata: Elgaria) and an expanded perspective on the osteology and phylogeny of Gerrhonotinae
	Scarpetta, Simon G.; Ledesma, David T.; Bell, Christopher J.
通讯作者	Scarpetta, SG (corresponding author), Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Dept Geol Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
来源期刊	BMC ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
EISSN	2730-7182
出版年	2021
卷号	21 期号:1
英文摘要	Background Alligator lizards (Gerrhonotinae) are a well-known group of extant North American lizard. Although many fossils were previously referred to Gerrhonotinae, most of those fossils are isolated and fragmentary cranial elements that could not be placed in a precise phylogenetic context, and only a handful of known fossils are articulated skulls. The fossil record has provided limited information on the biogeography and phylogeny of Gerrhonotinae. Results We redescribe a nearly complete articulated fossil skull from the Pliocene sediments of the Anza-Borrego Desert in southern California, and refer the specimen to the alligator lizard genus Elgaria. The fossil is a representative of a newly described species, Elgaria peludoverde. We created a morphological matrix to assess the phylogeny of alligator lizards and facilitate identifications of fossil gerrhonotines. The matrix contains a considerably expanded taxonomic sample relative to previous morphological studies of gerrhonotines, and we sampled two specimens for many species to partially account for intraspecific variation. Specimen-based phylogenetic analyses of our dataset using Bayesian inference and parsimony inferred that Elgaria peludoverde is part of crown Elgaria. The new species is potentially related to the extant species Elgaria kingii and Elgaria paucicarinata, but that relationship was not strongly supported, probably because of extensive variation among Elgaria. We explored several alternative biogeographic scenarios implied by the geographic and temporal occurrence of the new species and its potential phylogenetic placements. Conclusions Elgaria peludoverde is the first described extinct species of Elgaria and provides new information on the biogeographic history and diversification of Elgaria. Our research expands the understanding of phylogenetic relationships and biogeography of alligator lizards and strengthens the foundation of future investigations. The osteological data and phylogenetic matrix that we provided will be critical for future efforts to place fossil gerrhonotines. Despite limited intraspecific sampled sizes, we encountered substantial variation among gerrhonotines, demonstrating the value of exploring patterns of variation for morphological phylogenetics and for the phylogenetic placement of fossils. Future osteological investigations on the species we examined and on species we did not examine will continue to augment our knowledge of patterns of variation in alligator lizards and aid in phylogenetics and fossil placement.
英文关键词	Gerrhonotinae Phylogenetics Morphology Osteology Elgaria Fossils Anza-Borrego Pliocene Biogeography
类型	Article
语种	英语
开放获取类型	Green Published, gold
收录类别	SCI-E
WOS记录号	WOS:000701885900002
WOS关键词	PALM SPRING FORMATION ; ANZA-BORREGO DESERT ; CRANIAL OSTEOLOGY ; BAJA-CALIFORNIA ; MIOCENE LIZARDS ; EOCENE LIZARDS ; STATE-PARK ; REPTILIA ; ANGUIDAE ; GENUS
WOS类目	Ecology ; Evolutionary Biology ; Genetics & Heredity
WOS研究方向	Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Evolutionary Biology ; Genetics & Heredity
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/362720
作者单位	[Scarpetta, Simon G.; Bell, Christopher J.] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Dept Geol Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA; [Ledesma, David T.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Scarpetta, Simon G.,Ledesma, David T.,Bell, Christopher J.. A new extinct species of alligator lizard (Squamata: Elgaria) and an expanded perspective on the osteology and phylogeny of Gerrhonotinae[J],2021,21(1).
APA	Scarpetta, Simon G.,Ledesma, David T.,&Bell, Christopher J..(2021).A new extinct species of alligator lizard (Squamata: Elgaria) and an expanded perspective on the osteology and phylogeny of Gerrhonotinae.BMC ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION,21(1).
MLA	Scarpetta, Simon G.,et al."A new extinct species of alligator lizard (Squamata: Elgaria) and an expanded perspective on the osteology and phylogeny of Gerrhonotinae".BMC ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION 21.1(2021).