Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 项目编号 | 1018794 |
| How do climate and phenology structure the contact patterns associated with disease transmission in a free-ranging ungulate? | |
| Manlove, Kezia | |
| 主持机构 | SAES - UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY |
| 开始日期 | 2019 |
| 结束日期 | 2023 |
| 资助机构 | US-NIFA（美国食品与农业研究所） |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| 国家 | 美国 |
| 中文简介 | 1070 - Ecology |
| 英文简介 | Goals / Objectives The overall goal of the project is to understand how contact and mixing dynamics vary with climate-related factors, and to document whether that variation corresponds to disease severity and epidemic spread.Aim 1: Characterize and contrast patterns of survival and clinical signs displayed by adult bighorns following a low- and a high-severity M. ovipneumoniae introduction event, and relate these contact patterns (along with those collected across the suite of study herds) to environmental variables.Aim 2: Document and compare patterns of survival and clinical signs displayed by bighorn lambs following a low- and a high-severity M. ovipneumoniae strain.Aim 3: Conduct baseline profiling of group mixing dynamics within the Zion National Park (ZNP) and National Bison Range (NBR) bighorn herds to characterize how birth pulse structure relates to formation of nursery groups, and interactions within those groups. Then, extend this analysis to incorporate the rest of the focal herd suite, and determine relationships between group mixing and environmental variables.Project Methods We will conduct daily individual-based censuses of both herds during the birth pulse. We will begin data collection at ZNP on February 1, and at NBR on May 1. During the census, we will record lamb status for all recognizable ewes. We will also opportunistically collect fresh carcasses for formal necropsy.Second, we will characterize emergence of respiratory symptoms in ewes and lambs. Our objective is to determine presence and trends in clinical signs in both adults and lambs. We will record presenceGoals /absence of nasal discharge, coughing, lethargy, and ear paresis (drooping ears), along with indices of body condition for all animals located during the study period.We will record between-group association patterns from May 1 - July 15 at NBR, and from Feb 1- May 31 at ZNP. Our objective is to describe social grouping (membership and location) on an approximately daily basis. Membership and location will be recorded for each group observed in ~ daily census of bighorn range. On each observation, observers will update individual records regarding: ewe reproductive status, animal health, body condition score, and degree of pelage molt.We will record within-group contact patterns at each site to estimate type-specific frequencies of physical contact between individual animals. Physical contacts will be recorded during 10-minute group "follows", with the goal of recording 3 follows per group observed. Focal follows will be recorded on dictaphones and transcribed each evening. Observers will record categories and durations of all physical contact within a group during the entire 10 minutes. Categories are: nose-to-nose contact, incidental body contact, aggressive body contact, nursing, contact bedding, clashing, and non-contact bedding displacements. Animal IDs will be recorded for animals involved in contact whenever possible, as will individual demographic classes (ewe, lamb, ram). Observers will record when individuals enter or depart the field of view as necessary.We will also track social hierarchy and individual decisiveness within groups. Observers will record all social dominance interactions, regardless of whether they occur within the context of focal follows, using standard dominance measurements for bighorn sheep. To measure decisiveness, we will record directed moves initiated by particular individuals, which individuals were present within the group, and which group members followed the leader, using metrics developed last summer at NBR. Observers will also record nearest adult neighbor identity, second-nearest adult neighbor identity, and distance to adult nearest neighbor for all individuals in ruminating groups. They will also record the number of lambs closer to each animal than that animal's nearest adult neighbor. |
| 英文关键词 | bighorn sheep ovis canadensis mycoplasma ovipneumoniae pneumonia behavioral ecology social contact patterns birth pulse phenology desert bighorn sheep rocky mountain bighorn sheep zion national park national bison range disease ecology wildlife epidemiology |
| 来源学科分类 | 1070 - Ecology |
| 资源类型 | 项目 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/356125 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Manlove, Kezia.How do climate and phenology structure the contact patterns associated with disease transmission in a free-ranging ungulate?.2019. |
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