Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 项目编号 | 1018967 |
| Wildlife Responses to Changing Habitats | |
| Shipley, L | |
| 主持机构 | SAES - WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY |
| 开始日期 | 2019 |
| 结束日期 | 2024 |
| 资助机构 | US-NIFA（美国食品与农业研究所） |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| 国家 | 美国 |
| 中文简介 | 1070 - Ecology |
| 英文简介 | Goals / Objectives Given the diverse nature of this multidisciplinary McIntire-Stennis project, a variety of activities and methods will be undertaken to achieve two Objectives. The activities will be a combination of more focused, discipline-based research in some cases, and interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary efforts in others. The objectives will have associated Tasks that will be delineated under Section VI.Obj. 1: Determining the effects of landscape changes (e.g., forest, riparian, and rangeland management) and human-caused disturbances on behavior, physiology, movements and populations of wildlifeObj. 2: Determining the effects of climate change on spatial distribution, physiology, and behavior of wildlife and their habitat resources.These lines of research address questions across a variety of wildlife taxa in Washington and the U.S., and their assimilation into a single research proposal is intended to increase synergy, expand viewpoints and collaborative opportunity, and forward our knowledge about forest and related rangeland management that otherwise would not be possible. We envision that this effort will seed future research activity in the form of competitive awards from federal- and non-federal sources such as this to solve critical forest management problems faced by state and federal wildlife and resource managers.Project Methods Objective 1: Determining the effects of landscape changes (e.g., forest, riparian, and rangeland management) and human-caused disturbances on behavior, physiology, movements and populations of wildlife.Problem Statement. As humans extract natural resources and pursue recreation in forests and rangelands, they influence habitats on which game and nongame wildlife depend. Human activities such as timber extraction, livestock grazing, herbicide application, and prescribed fire can alter natural disturbance regimes of forest and rangeland communities that provide critical resources for maintaining viable populations of native species (Hessburg and Agee 2003). These activities can affect the structure and composition of habitat, and thus the quality of security and thermal cover, and the quantity and quality of food resources for wildlife. Activities such as some current federal initiatives serve to restore habitats for target species. For example, efforts to restore the historic open-canopy ponderosa pine forests in northeastern Washington can reduce catastrophic wildfire while simultaneously providing more forage for wild herbivores (Dodson et al. 2008), and restoration of native sagebrush on abandoned agricultural fields can increase habitat for endangered species like pygmy rabbits and sage-grouse (Stonehouse et al. 2015). In addition, the viability and connectivity of populations of Canada lynx (a Washington state-endangered and federally threatened carnivore) may be reduced through changes in forest cover and structure from timber harvest and wildfire (Squires et al. 2010, 2013). Other activities can reduce habitat suitability and increase the distribution of invasive plants and animals. For example, some meadow restoration techniques may increase habitat for invasive aquatic species, subverting efforts to increase habitat for endangered amphibians.Activities. Tasks under Objective 1 include the following: 1) examine the effects of forest management practices such as regeneration harvest, fuels reduction treatments, and prescribed burning in northwest forests on forage resources, nutrient intake, habitat selection, occupancy and density of deer, amphibians, and other forest wildlife (LS, DT, CG), 2) develop and test new models of nutritional carrying capacity for wild herbivores in forests and rangelands (LS), 3). examine the effects of motorized and non-motorized recreation on use of forests by wild carnivores (DT, LS), 4) develop fine-scale models to predict changes in species distributions within changing landscapes (CG), 5) develop non-invasive methods for mapping and monitoring wildlife populations (CG, JM, DT), 6) examine how species interactions drive resource selection (JM), 7) investigate how habitat features affect invasion and hybridization processes (CG), 8) examine wildlife use of agricultural fields restored to native sagebrush and forest habitats through the USDA Conservation Reserve Program (LS = pygmy rabbits, DT = sage grouse), 9) Link key indices of forest structure with remotely-sensed data (e.g., LIDAR) to predict structure and species distributions across landscapes (DT, LS), and 10) determine how changing forest conditions and climate change seasonal timing of migrations to interact with visitor vehicle traffic volumes to influence the wildlife-vehicle collision process in and adjacent to forestlands (JM).Objective 2: Determining the effects of climate change on spatial distribution, physiology, and behavior of wildlife and their habitat resources.Problem Statement. Increasing global temperatures have increased the frequency and severity of wildfires (Calder et al. 2015, Wang et al. 2015), and influenced plant and animal communities in the Pacific Northwest and worldwide. In fact, wildfires in Washington and Oregon in 2015 alone affected 686,000 ha at a cost of over $609 million (Northwest Interagency Coordination Center 2016), most in forested ecosystems that provide economic benefits from timber harvest and habitat to many wildlife species. Larger and hotter fires will influence habitat of both popular big game species and threatened species like Canada lynx. However, some of the greatest rates of change in climactic conditions are occurring in northern temperate forests and alpine and arctic environments, like those currently found in Washington, where food webs are changing at a more rapid pace never witnessed before (Tayleur et al. 2016). These unprecedented changes pose an especially difficult challenge for species already facing reduced populations and degraded habitats. For example, declines in snowpack continue across the Northwest, increased maturation of herbaceous forage and berries are likely influence the timing and duration of food availability for northern ungulates and bears, as well as their migration and juvenile recruitment, which has implications for population viability. Warming climates are projected to cause major range shifts in plants and animal species, influence population viability and wildlife community composition, as well as impact important game species such as deer, elk, and moose. This will translate to species ranges shifting northward and upwards in elevation, which will likely alter present-day species assemblages (e.g,. Scully et al. 2018). In addition, polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in many parts of their range are increasingly spending time in terrestrial habitats as a result of longer ice-free periods in the Arctic (Stirling et al. 1999, Schliebe et al. 2008). The consequences of reduced use of marine habitats and increased use of terrestrial habitats have included declines in polar bear body condition and reproductive success associated with longer periods of restricted nutrition (Stirling et al. 1999), increased nest predation by polar bears with resulting catastrophic effects on bird reproduction (Smith et al. 2010, Rockwell et al. 2011, Iverson et al. 2014), and increased interactions with humans (Derocher et al. 2004). In addition, warming temperatures and reduced snowpack in alpine areas may also influence suite of predators that can access vulnerable populations of hoary marmots and American pikas (Dowd et al. 2014, Cohen et al. 2015, Tayleur et al. 2016). Management and conservation practices will need to be increasingly intense and nimble to continue to meet society's goals for wildlife under these rapidly changing conditions. Understanding, quantifying and predicting the effects of climate change on wildlife habitat and populations is imperative to inform successful decision-making.Activities. Tasks under Objective 2 include the following: 1) determine how global warming and human activities affect the well-being and productivity of grizzly bears and polar bears. This will be accomplished by measuring their energy expenditure, weight change, and accumulation or use of foods or body tissues to meet energy requirements for maintenance and production. These studies will be done in Yellowstone National Park and various areas of Alaska and Canada (CR), 2) develop fine-scale habitat models to predict changes in species distributions and functional connectivity under climate change scenarios using occupancy and landscape genetic models (CG, JM), 3) examine the response of hoary marmots and alpine carnivores to changing snowpack (DT, LS), 4) determine the ability of American pikas to use microrefuges and behavioral buffering to tolerate rising temperatures (LS) , 5) examine the effects of severe wild fire in northwest forests on forage resources, nutrient intake, habitat selection, occupancy and density of deer and other forest wildlife (LS, DT), 6) examine changing biotic interactions in high elevation systems, and the impact of those changes for key wildlife species (DT, JM, LS), 7) conduct spatial analyses to examine range shifts, connectivity, and the need for transboundary coordination to preserve forest ecosystems and communities in the face of climate change (DT). |
| 英文关键词 | wildlife habitat climate change |
| 来源学科分类 | 1070 - Ecology |
| 资源类型 | 项目 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/356124 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Shipley, L.Wildlife Responses to Changing Habitats.2019. |
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