Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 项目编号 | 1014699 |
| Quantifying cattle manure-AMR perceptions and treatment system variabilities to develop a novel communication framework for conveying AMR science and mitigation opportunities | |
| Lansing, Stephanie | |
| 主持机构 | SAES - UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND |
| 开始日期 | 2018 |
| 结束日期 | 2022 |
| 资助机构 | US-NIFA（美国食品与农业研究所） |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| 国家 | 美国 |
| 中文简介 | 1040 - Molecular biology |
| 英文简介 | Goals / Objectives Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) research, outreach and communication involve many stakeholders, including farmers, milk and meat processors, researchersGoals /extension educators, veterinarians, food safety experts, consumers, doctors, and policymakers. While there has been much progress in AMR research since launching the AFRI Food Safety AMR program, there has not been a systematic characterization of perceptions and knowledge of AMR presence in the cattle agroecosystems or the development of appropriate outreach strategies needed to effectively communicate with stakeholders. This research will address this need by systematically quantifying AMR knowledge and perceptions and creating targeted outreach campaigns for farmers, who increasingly interact with the public, as well as policymakers and other stakeholders in order to communicate the nuances of AMR prevalence in dairy and beef cattle production. In addition, through our prior research, thermal-based processes have the potential to be more effective in reducing AMR, but systemic relationships between novel higher-temperature manure treatment methods and AMR reductions have not been conducted. We will conduct this research as well as a statistically rigorous characterization of AMR in manure in order to create a manure sampling protocol suitable for accurate and precise quantification of AMR in the inherently heterogeneous and variable manure matrixes and management systems.The long-term goals of this project are to: 1) provide quantified and research-based communication tools to policy makers, farmers, and other agricultural stakeholders who interact with the public, based upon knowledge of stakeholder perceptions (and misconceptions) of AMR prevalence, conveyance, and reductions in the environment, 2) utilize our sampling protocol for AMR to test three of the most promising thermal-based AMR manure treatment technologies in dairy operations, some of which are already used by farms to meet other farm goals, i.e. rotary drum composters for solids treatment and anaerobic digestion, and 3) create communication strategies that best convey science-based knowledge on cattle-AMR dynamics to stakeholders, enabling them to communicate this dynamic issue and make sustainable decision on its mitigation. The results can be used to inform farmers, policy makers, and other stakeholders, on manure management technologies and how to effectively convey AMR knowledge to consumers.The supporting objectives are: Analyze stakeholder AMR perception, knowledge and decision-making, including reasons for variability in farmer antibiotic use and application.Define matrix variability and create sampling requirementsGoals /protocols for manure assessment using practical, emerging high-temperature dairy manure treatment technologies for reducing AMR (rotatory drum composting, thermophilic digestion, and thermal hydrolysis pre-treatment), and model the relationship between temperature and treatment, including in AMR runoff from beef open feedlots.Create an effective communication framework based on research into stakeholder's understanding and needs that includes social media, web and media resources, and eXtension material tailored to important stakeholders in the AMR arena, i.e. farmers, veterinarians, food safety experts, and policy makers, resulting in effective and novel strategies for conveying the complicated issues surrounding AMR to stakeholders.Rising concern with antibiotic resistant bacteria has led to a recent proliferation of regulations from federal agencies as well as state level laws. Meanwhile, industry is taking its own approach toward governing antibiotic use through contract mandates, and various consumer groups have increased pressure for farmers to go "antibiotic free". Farmers are situated within this rapidly changing and complex regulatory landscape, and, collectively, employ a wide variety of antibiotic practices. Due to this rapidly changing situation, there is currently little understanding by researchers concerning how current regulations and best practice guidance affect the kinds of antibiotic practices farmers use. Similarly, non-farming stakeholders, i.e. veterinarians, policy makers, industry representatives, often have little understanding concerning how and why farmers engage in the antibiotic practices that they do. There is therefore a need to: a) understand the variety of antibiotic practices of farmers and the drivers behind their decision making, and b) understand key stakeholder attitudes towards AMR. Understanding the diverse practices, perspectives, and decision points among antibiotic stakeholders can become a foundation for better communication about what constitutes best antibiotic practice under specific circumstances.Previous studies (and our on-going work) have found significant variability and lack of correlation between antibiotics and ARG, and there currently is no standardized approach to sample heterogeneous manure matrices for AMR. These efforts also suggest that thermal treatment systems offer greater potential to mitigate antibiotic residues, ARB, and ARG than traditional manure handling systems, and while some testing has been conducted at bench-scale, farm-relevant, pilot-scaled system of thermophilic composting and anaerobic digestion have not been investigated, with no work done exploring thermal hydrolysis. Thermal hydrolysis prior to digestion has been practiced in Europe and at wastewater treatment plants in the U.S., but this technology and further analyses of thermophilic AD could have large impacts on antibiotic destruction. The relationship between temperature, pressure and AMR needs to be systemically investigated. These promising treatments also offer system to develop improved sampling protocols that account for sampling and technical variability.There is a need for farmers, the public, and policymakers to have accurate information on the impact of farm practices on AMR and how AMR is reduced. The effective delivery of this information requires an understanding of stakeholder perceptions and the assessment of delivery approaches, as well as novel media approaches to delivering this content.Project Methods Objective 1a: Understand the reasons for variability in farmer antibiotic use and application.WorkshopGoals /conference surveys, interviews, and focus groups of antibiotic practices, farmer understanding of regulations and recommended best practices will be conducted. Approximately 30 in-depth interviews will take place. Results from interviews and focus groups will be used to conduct a follow up survey of approximately 200 farmers concerning antibiotic usage and manure management, key factors that go into decisions to change or adopt new practices and what information is used to initiate a change in practice, and what is needed to enable the farmers to communicate with others about AMR.Objective 1b: Characterize differences in perception of AMR among farmers, veterinarians, and advocacy groups. We will conduct six focus groups (of 5-8 people) of diverse non-farming stakeholders. Focus groups are designed to gauge existing knowledge and perceptions concerning attitudes and perceptions of antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance. We will conduct thirty semi-structured interviews with a broader set of land use stakeholders in farming communities in the Mid-Atlantic (dairies) and mid-West (beef). Thirty-five will conduct a Q-sort and sort statements on how each statement reflects their thinking concerning best management practices (from most strongly disagree to most strongly agree). Significant factors will be extracted using principal components analysis, and interpreted qualitatively to determine the dominant discourses concerning best practices for antimicrobial use.Objective 2a: Define AMR measurement variability and create sampling protocols for manure assessment. Create extension materials based on these findings. Intensive sampling (n=20) along with technical replicates (n=3) is planned on-farm analyses of a farm with a full-scale, high-temperature bedding recovery unit (BRU) for antibiotics in raw manure (influent pit), SLS liquid effluent, SLS separated solids, and in high temperature composted solids (post-BRU). All samples will be collected, stored on ice, and preserved (as needed) within 48 hours for characterization and antibiotic testing. Manure samples will be characterized for total solids, volatile solids and pH, C:N, NH4, TN, and TP. Select antibiotics (and their breakdown products) will be prioritized for residue testing in Dr. Clifford Rice's laboratory using an LC-MSGoals /MS with an API inlet (electrospray and APCI) coupled to a liquid chromatraph (LC) instrument. Analytes will be identified and quantitated using multiple reaction monitoring methods available on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer, including parent and daughter ions. A select group of samples will be used for initial ARB and ARG to select for coliforms, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus spp. Colony forming units will be counted, and pathogen communities will be analyzed for ARGs, with total microbial community DNA isolated following methods of collaborator Durso, and quantified for antibiotic resistance genes representing β-lactamase, macrolide, and sulfonamide genes, as well as an integrase gene commonly associated with horizontal gene transfer. Statistical analysis will be conducted to determine significant differences in manure characteristics and antibiotics between manure matrices using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey-Kramer multiple comparisons. These efforts will be assembled into a draft protocol for AMR sampling that will be circulated as a FactSheet and targeted for publication as an ASABE or APHA standard.Objective 2b: Assess effect of temperature on manure treatment technologies in reducing AMR from rotatory drum compostingGoals /bedding recovery unit, thermophilic digestion and thermal hydrolysis pre-treatment.To test the effect of BRU conditions on antibiotic and ARG degradation, 3 drum rotation speeds (controlling retention time) and 3 ventilation rates (controlling temperature) will be tested in a factorial design (9 treatments). The results will be modeled to determine the effect of temperature using a simple regression model. For high-temperature digestion, manure will be tested initially using lab-scale testing, with antibiotics injections at different temperatures and retention times to develop time and temperature antibiotic degradation curves, with post-testing of antibiotic concentration, presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, manure volume and moisture content. The experimental design will test four temperatures, starting at 30°C and increasing by 10°C to 60°C. Biogas volume will be measured using a glass, gas-tight syringe equilibrated to atmospheric pressure. Biogas samples will be analyzed for CH4 composition using a gas chromatograph. The results will be modeled to determine the effect of temperature on both methane production and antibiotic mitigation using a multiple regression model. To verify at pilot-scale, six plug-flow digesters (3 m3 each) will be utilized using optimal conditions from lab testing. Influent and effluent samples will be collected twice per week from each digester and tested for biogas, antibiotics, ARB, and ARG. A thermal hydrolysis pre-treatment testing will be conducted using triplicate runs at 4 different temperatures and 4 retention times to determine effect on antibiotics, AMB and AMG with manure and DC WATER sludge.Objective 2c: Modeling the relationship between AMR runoff from beef lots and temperaturePast runoff VFA data will be analyzed and modeled based on antibiotics, ARG, ARB and weather station data to develop a temperature dependent curve based on runoff collected and weather conditions using MACRO 5.1 model, a one-dimensional, process oriented dual-permeability model of water flow and solute transport, in which temperature data can be applied.Objective 3a: Summarize current science-based knowledge of AMR and AMR reduction and treatment, as it relates to dairy and beef agroecosystems and food safety We will conduct an up-to-date review of scientific literature to supplement our data collection in order to publish a review article and additional eXtension deliverables that give specific AMR mitigation details concerning cattle manure.Objective 3b: Identify and assess media approaches of communicating science-based knowledge of AMR to stakeholders, with a survey of farmers, veterinarians and policy makers through eXtension listserve to understand knowledge and perceptions and inform communication outreach objectives. A survey will be developed and conducted with select audiences to assess the anticipated effectiveness of various approaches and distributed.Objective 3c: Develop social media, web resources, and a communication program to extend scientific knowledge on dairy and beef agroecosystem AMR dynamics to a wider audience.Park Productions will: 1) select and develop the appropriate tools for conveying the content on various media platforms (for example, web streaming and social media), 2) design and create a prototype for media resources, 3) produce the initial media prototype, 4) present the prototype to stakeholders for feedback, 5) refine the prototype based on stakeholder feedback, and 6) launch the refined version of media resources on public platforms to extend audience reach.Objective 3d: Create eXtension, workshop and material resources based on social science research to help key stakeholders understand complicated AMR issues, and how to discuss and communicate with the public, i.e. product consumers.We will conduct two workshops and field days and strategically partner with other extension programs to engage specific target audiences (dairy farmers and their advisors, policy makers, and NGOs). We will develop and deliver oral presentation materials at dairy industry meetings, conferences, and other related events, as opportunities become available, and post materials on online platforms. |
| 英文关键词 | amr cattle manure high temperature treatment media communication protocol stakeholder perception |
| 来源学科分类 | 1040 - Molecular biology |
| 资源类型 | 项目 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/356105 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Lansing, Stephanie.Quantifying cattle manure-AMR perceptions and treatment system variabilities to develop a novel communication framework for conveying AMR science and mitigation opportunities.2018. |
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