Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 项目编号 | 1014362 |
| Resilience of Western Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecosystems: Drivers, Challenges & Ecosystem Services | |
| Koprowski, John | |
| 主持机构 | SAES - UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA |
| 开始日期 | 2018 |
| 结束日期 | 2022 |
| 资助机构 | US-NIFA（美国食品与农业研究所） |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| 国家 | 美国 |
| 中文简介 | 1070 - Ecology |
| 英文简介 | Goals / Objectives Our objectives are to continue to investigate innovative perspectives and synergies of biological and environmental research approaches, information and products for forest ecosystem management by: 1. Delineating the effects of biological invasions on semi-arid forest biodiversity 2. Understanding the influence of climate change on forest biodiversity 3. Investigating the influence of wildland fire on forest resilience and biodiversity 4. Determining the influence of disturbance on biodiversity 5. Documenting the resilience at high trophic levels due to top-down and bottom-up forcesProject Methods Influence of invasive speciesVegetation cover, structure and composition is assessed using our long-term plot based methods that provide ground-truthed data to use in combination with NAIP photography and LiDAR and remotely sensed imagery. Data on forested habitat characteristics are combined using multivariate analysis techniques to assess their relationship with native and non-native wildlife species abundance and distribution. We will use a combination of live trapping of small mammals and observational and camera sampling of birds and medium and large mammals to document abundance and distribution. This research will help us to understand the consequences of plant and animal invasions on forest wildlife and will provide a foundation for developing strategies to restore forested areas invaded by nonnative plants and animals.Influence of climate change Loss of keystone species that impact many aspects of forest ecology can disproportionately influence maintenance of diversity and ecosystem function. Red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) are perhaps the most widespread forest management indicator species due to construction of conspicuous cone storage structures (middens) that keep cones cool and moist in relatively dense closed decadent forest. Middens may serve as 'hot spots' of diversity due to favorable microclimate, increased structure, and concentrated food resources. Cone opening is temperature and moisture dependent and thus results in a direct linkage with climate. Climate change of the magnitude frequently predicted for the western United States (3-7oC by 2100: Parmesan 2006) would likely have significant impacts for species with such strong linkages to specific microclimates provided by middens. We will live trap and mark individuals small mammals including squirrels using our standard plot-based sampling techniques and monitor animals using radiotelemetry. We assess forest vegetation structure and composition on plots centered on each midden and random forest locations. In addition, we have high resolution remotely sensed imagery and LiDAR that can be calibrated with the vegetation plots. We propose a multi-year study that will investigate and model forest wildlife response to climate-related stressors including investigations into these storage sites and potential 'hot spots' of diversity with our goal to enhance forest health and ecosystem sustainability.Influence of fireUsing combinations of simulation modeling and empirical studies, we will explore the mechanisms that contribute to rapid post-fire ecosystem change under current and near-term climate at a range of unburned and burned sites, with the latter reflecting varying time since fire. First, by definition severe disturbances such as wildfires leave relatively few surviving established individuals, opening up niche and physical space for community level turnover. Second, changing climate conditions may not allow for regeneration of previously dominant species, although these species were able to persist pre-fire as established individuals. Third, altered landscape structure (such as anomalously large high-severity patches) following extreme disturbance events may restrict seed dispersal of previously dominant species, while favoring other species with rapid long-range dispersal. The collective effect of these disturbance-climate interactions is to rapidly and persistently change landscape patterns and processes including disturbance regimes, vegetation composition, carbon dynamics, and hydrologic balance. In addition, we monitor the response of animal biodiversity to wildlife fire to identify the differential response of species and diversity to fire disturbance. Our findings enable us to assess and model the range of impacts of fire and provide guidance to land management agencies to manage and mitigate wildland fire impacts on forested lands.Influence of disturbanceWe assess the structure and composition of riparian vegetation and quantify the abiotic impact of disturbances by quantifying alteration of water quality and quantity to study how these abiotic changes drive changes in biotic communities (e.g. population dynamics of aquatic invertebrates and riparian lizards) and ecosystem processes (e.g. nutrient dynamics). We also study how aquatic and riparian species disperse across the forested and non-forested landscape; dispersal is an essential process that allows species to recolonize sites after disturbances like stream drying or acid mine spills. Our aim is to provide information to natural resource managers and stakeholders that improves the efficacy of aquatic and riparian biodiversity conservation efforts while still meeting the water needs of our local communities.Influence of large herbivores and carnivoresBirds of prey and large carnivorous mammals function in important ecological roles as top level predators in many forested ecosystems and have 'top down' influences. Large herbivorous mammals similarly are proposed have significant impact on forested ecosystems through 'bottom up' influences on forest vegetation. Populations of these large-bodied birds and mammals often are influenced, both positively and negatively, by human activities. Positive influences include the inadvertent provisioning of food for some species that can live and hunt in areas altered for human needs (e.g., forest fragments, rangelands and cities). Negative influences are more common and include poisoning, lethal removal, electrocution, exotic diseases, and collision with moving vehicles, power lines, and wind turbines. We seek to study the effects of these influences in forested environments to understand how they affect the population dynamics of selected species, and to identify ways to mitigate or reduce the negative effects.We will use an integrated research framework and leverage collaborations with private, state and federal partners to address pressing question in western wildlife conservation including: anthropogenic mortality of large carnivores of conservation concern, human disturbance and resource management impacts on large herbivores and birds of prey, and climatic effects on the availability of primary productivity to large herbivores. Our studies will focus on habitat selection, diet, hunting strategies, movements (e.g., emigration, migration, home range), and productivity through analyses of our long-term data sets and those of land management agency collaborators collected by trapping and observation of marked or individually identifiable animals. |
| 英文关键词 | forest wildlife forests of the west ecosystem services water quality forest management wildfire fire ecology soil genomics |
| 来源学科分类 | 1070 - Ecology |
| 资源类型 | 项目 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/356100 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Koprowski, John.Resilience of Western Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecosystems: Drivers, Challenges & Ecosystem Services.2018. |
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