Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 项目编号 | 18-77-10045 |
| Biogeochemical study of the phenomenon of high vegetation biological productivity in the conditions of the Subarctic as a basis for creating technologies for environmental management in the Russian Arctic | |
| Loiko Sergey | |
| 主持机构 | Tomsk State University, |
| 开始日期 | 2018 |
| 结束日期 | 2020 |
| 资助机构 | RU-RSF（俄罗斯科学基金会） |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| 国家 | 俄罗斯 |
| 中文简介 | 07 - EARTH SCIENCES, 07-705 - Geography of soils, geochemistry of landscapes |
| 英文简介 | It is known that modern zonal ecosystems of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation have low biological productivity of plant communities and low resistance even to minor anthropogenic influences. One believes that the reason for creating of such ecosystems is an unfavorable climate. However, if this were only due to unfavorable climate, then why herbal communities would be found on fertile soils at the same latitude in even more severe conditions at the glacial period of the late Pleistocene (ref. Gubin, Veremeeva, 2010; Kirillova et al., 2015; etc.), whose primary bio products were sufficient to provide nutriment for a big number of large phytophagans (mammoth fauna)? Experience gained during creation of the Pleistocene Park by S.A. Zimov (http://www.pleistocenepark.ru) and paleoecological researches of the mammoth steppe (Zimov et al., 2012) show that the appearance of large phytophagans contributes to an increase in vegetation productivity. Creation of meadows with rich grass in the hollows of artificially drained lakes is shown possible in the Komi Republic and in the North-East of Russia (Tomirdiaro, 1969; Ukhov et al., 1985; Kaverin et al., 2014), and the Yakutia region has traditional haymaking in alases. In the East European tundra, technologies have been developed for the creation of agrophytocenoses instead of zonal tundra with productivity, exceeding the natural communities (Archegova et al., 1991). It is obvious that not only by an unfavorable climate is the cause for low productivity, domination of mosses, lichens and Erica shrubs. There is a clear misbalance between the climatic potential and real vegetation productivity in the Arctic zone, and the northern ecosystems potential for environment transformation is much underestimated. Despite of long-time-ago known facts that the permafrost zone had ecosystems with increased biological production relatively to background and not only intra-zonal ones, these did not lead to any systematic study of this phenomenon and identifying the main reasons for its formation. In this regard, the main hypothesis of this project is that the phenomenon of high biological vegetation productivity within the Arctic zone results from special biogeochemical conditions caused by soils formation with increased natural fertility. However, the North ecosystems have a very open biological cycle, which leads to a rapid fall-out of biological products at highly humid climate, leached mobile forms of macro- and microelements, complementary with the introduction of oligotrophic flora species. The proposed hypothesis of this project is supposed to be numerically checked in the ecosystems of different hasyreys, which are widely spread in the permafrost zone of the Western Siberia. Hasyreys are hollow of former lakes that have become empty due to the melting of permafrost and thermal erosion processes. The bottom sediments of hasyreys accumulate a large number of mobile biogenic elements that ensure real «flash of life» immediately after drainage of the lake, so there appear «oasis» with shrubby-meadow vegetation in the tundra and forest-tundra. The area of cryogenic lakes in the permafrost of the Western Siberia is more than 60,000 km2, which is 1.4 times bigger than the area of the Moscow Region. In case of climate warming, cryogenic processes will be activated, which will lead to spate of newly emerging hasyreys. However, comparing to the Yakutian alases, even vegetation and soils have not been practically studied in West Siberian hasyreys, what to tell about specific biogeochemical conditions and processes. The novelty of the proposed project is about solving the following interrelated tasks: (1) The hypothesis, that the biological vegetation productivity of permafrost is limited by the adaphic conditions just as by the climate, will be tested at different-aged hasyreys. (2) The vegetation, soils and biogeochemical conditions in the basins of different-aged hasyreys at 650-kilometers-wide profile from the northern taiga subzone (northern spurs of Siberian Uvals) to the typical tundra subzone (the Gydan Peninsula) will be systematically researched for the first time. (3) Based on the essential fund of study of cryogenic lakes in the laboratory “BioGeoClim” of the TSU, the characteristics of lakes will be established, under which forecasting about types of hasyrey complexes will be possible, as well as about the rate of their oligotrophying, after water draining from the lake. All researches will be conducted in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous region, which belongs to land territories of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation according to the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation "On the Land Regions of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation" dated 02.05.2014. In respect to this zone, "The Russian Federation state policy basics in the Arctic for the period till 2020 and for further perspective" has been established. This document specifies the need to increase the sustainability of human-nature interaction, which is determined, first of all, by the ecosystems stability, depending on biodiversity and vegetation ability to absorb the maximum possible amount of solar energy in organic substance. The implementation of this work through disclosure of biogeochemical aspects will allow both improving existing and offering new environmental engineering technologies in severe climatic conditions, aimed at creating ecosystems that maximally absorb solar energy, by bionic way in the future. Key sites in various geo-morphological regions at different latitudes will allow forecasting response from the hasyrey soil-plant complexes to climatic changes. Such information is important for an environmental management strategy development in the Arctic. The thematic justification of the project has some scientific and political significance also, since recently the priority in biogeochemistry studying of the North landscapes of Russia is increasingly observed by foreign scientists. Implementation of this project will appoint the first results on such an important topic to the Russian scientific team. |
| 英文关键词 | Soils permafrost biogeochemistry thermokarst drained lakes khasyrei Western Siberia Subarctic environmental management climate change |
| 来源学科分类 | 07 - EARTH SCIENCES, 07-705 - Geography of soils, geochemistry of landscapes |
| 资源类型 | 项目 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/356054 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Loiko Sergey.Biogeochemical study of the phenomenon of high vegetation biological productivity in the conditions of the Subarctic as a basis for creating technologies for environmental management in the Russian Arctic.2018. |
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