Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 项目编号 | 200020_188571 |
| Origin And SIgnificance of Stromatolites of the Dead Sea (OASIS) | |
| Ariztegui Daniel | |
| 主持机构 | University of Geneva - GE |
| 开始日期 | 2020 |
| 结束日期 | 2022 |
| 资助经费 | 332720(CHF) |
| 项目类别 | Project funding |
| 资助机构 | CH-SNSF（瑞士国家科学基金会） |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| 国家 | 瑞士 |
| 中文简介 | Geology |
| 英文简介 | OASIS is a multidisciplinary project organised around one main question: What are the conditions and characteristics allowing the formation and preservation of stromatolites in the extreme Dead Sea environment? The Dead Sea is the most saline lake on Earth. Its water level is currently decreasing by more than one meter per year, and continuously increasing its salinity. Only unicellular organisms manage to survive in this environment. However, at some locations of the current Dead Sea shore flourish active and diverse microbial communities. This is allowed by the resurgence of freshwater springs, providing more favorable (less saline) conditions for the development of life.In the geological past, the Dead Sea Basin (DSB) hosted more auspicious conditions, which allowed the wider development of similar microbially-rich environments, preserved under the form of stromatolites. Stromatolites and thrombolites (gathered here under the term “microbialites”) represent some of the most ancient forms of life on Earth. They bear information on the primitive conditions in which the early life has developed and are thoroughly investigated to understand the appearance of life on Earth. However, the formation of these structures remains incompletely understood, as it is driven by a set of complex microbe-mineral interaction at multiple scales. Their study often necessitates multidisciplinary approaches involving high resolution mineralogical and microbial characterisation. Comparison of ancient stromatolites with their present analogs is therefore critical as it allows in situ investigation of the processes underlying the mineralization and preservation of microbialites. We suggest to exploit the unique conditions occurring in the Dead Sea Basin to investigate living and fossilised microbial mats and stromatolites. This will allow us to:1/ Constrain the conditions enabling the formation of microbial mats and microbialites.2/ Extrapolate such conditions to the geological record to compel the dominant paleoenvironmental conditions that have led to the preservation of fossil stromatolites in the Dead Sea Basin, and in other hypersaline environments.The Dead Sea provides a very favorable environment for such study. The lake level retreat has exposed numerous ancient stromatolitic structures. Where freshwater springs occur, microbial mats develop and may also be preserved in microbialites. The intense rates of precipitation, and the strong environmental dynamics at stake in this extreme environment provide a unique setting for investigating active microbe-mineral interactions. We suggest to collect modern microbial mats from various springs at the current Dead Sea shore. Microbial mat communities will be described and monitored using molecular biology coupled to high resolution imaging and microsensing techniques, to understand how their activity can lead to the formation and preservation of biosignatures. Such study will be implemented along two axes. The first one will focus on the conditions experienced on the field. The second one will test for the influence of internal and external parameters on the formation of microbialites under laboratory-controlled conditions.To ensure a strong anchoring with the Dead Sea environment, a parallel mapping and description of ancient stromatolites will be carried out. It will allow to retrace the limnological, biological and geochemical history of the paleo-lakes that occupied the Dead Sea Basin at different time intervals, and should lead to the characterisation of the biosignatures specific to these structures. This will be realised in collaboration with a local team of field geology, paleolimnology and geochemistry experts from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in Israel (HUJI) and the An-Najah University in Nablus in the West Bank Palestinian Territories. The completion of these parallel modules will advance our knowledge on the patterns of formation and preservation of microbial activity in the unique environment of the Dead Sea, and bring novel multiscale understanding on the parameters leading to stromatolitic development in extreme environments. |
| 英文关键词 | Dead Sea Hypersaline Stromatolites |
| 来源学科分类 | Geology |
| 资源类型 | 项目 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/356006 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Ariztegui Daniel.Origin And SIgnificance of Stromatolites of the Dead Sea (OASIS).2020. |
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