干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 一次性施肥模式对覆膜夏玉米产量与氮素利用的影响

Arid

	一次性施肥模式对覆膜夏玉米产量与氮素利用的影响
其他题名	Effects of Single Application of Fertilizer on Yield and Nitrogen Utilization of Mulching Summer Maize
	周昌明; 李援农; 陈朋朋
来源期刊	农业机械学报
ISSN	1000-1298
出版年	2020
卷号	51 期号:10 页码:329-337
中文摘要	采用垄沟全降解膜覆盖种植,设置氮肥一次性根区穴施(N1)、一次性沟内条施(N2)、传统一次性全田撒施(N3)以及不施肥对照处理(CK)4种施肥方式,开展2015-2016年两年大田试验,探究垄沟全膜覆盖种植方式下一次性施肥模式对夏玉米产量和干物质、氮素累积以及氮素吸收利用的影响。结果表明 ,3种一次性施肥处理模式下,夏玉米秸秆、籽粒干物质量均高于CK处理,且N1处理下2年平均籽粒干物质量较N3、N2分别增加14.75%、4.98% ;N1处理下氮素吸收速率均高于N2、N3处理,在出苗-拔节期、拔节-大喇叭口期与N2、N3差异显著;夏玉米成熟期氮素累积量从高到低依次为N1、N 2、N3,不同处理下夏玉米氮素阶段累积量变化趋势均表现为在拔节-大喇叭口期、吐丝-灌浆期较多;N3、N2、N1处理比CK对照2年平均增产30.2 3%、44.16%、54.65%,且一次性穴施(N1)处理产量高于N2、N3处理,比N3处理2年平均增产18.75%;N1处理下氮肥偏生产力2年平均值比N2、N3提高7.28%、18.75%,氮肥表观利用率2年平均值比N2、N3提高30.61%、88.28%。垄沟全膜覆盖种植方式下,一次性根区穴施(N1)有利于氮素在土壤耕作层的集中,提高夏玉米对氮素的利用效率,促进夏玉米干物质的累积和产量的提高。本研究可为干旱半干旱地区降解地膜全覆盖种植方式下有效施肥、减少氮肥污染以及提高肥料利用效率等提供科学依据。
英文摘要	In order to reveal the effects of biodegradable film mulching with one-time fertilization on the yield and nitrogen use efficiency of summer maize, a field experiment was carried out in 2015 and 2016. Four treatments were designed, including one-time root zone fertilization (N1), one-time furrow fertilization (N2), one-time whole field fertilization (N3) and no fertilizer control treatment (CK). The results showed that the straw dry matter and grain dry matter mass under the three kinds of one-time fertilization treatments were all higher than that under CK control treatment, and the average grain dry matter mass under N1 treatment was increased by 14.75% and 4.98% compared with that under N3 and N2 respectively. The nitrogen absorption rate under N1 treatment was higher than that under N2 and N3 treatments, and there were significant differences between N2 and N3 during seedling stage to jointing stage and jointing stage to big trumpet stage. The nitrogen accumulation in summer maize ripening stage arranged from high to low was N1, N2 and N3. Compared with CK control, the yield under N3, N2 and N1 treatments was increased by 30.23%, 44.16% and 54.65% on average, respectively, and the yield under N1 treatment was higher than that under N2 and N3 treatments, and the average yield was increased by 18.75% compared with that under N3 treatment. The average nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity under N1 treatment was increased by 7.28% and 18.75% compared with that under N2 and N3, respectively, and the average apparent nitrogen utilization rate under N1 was increased by 30.61% and 88.28% compared with that under N2 and N3, respectively. Above all, one-time root zone fertilization treatment (N1) was advantageous to the concentration of nitrogen in soil plough horizon, which can improve the efficiency of nitrogen utilization in summer corn, and promote dry matter accumulation and yield of summer maize. It can also provide scientific basis and theoretical value for effective fertilization, reduction of nitrogen fertilizer pollution and improvement of fertilizer utilization efficiency under the cultivation mode of fully covered plastic film degradation in arid and semi-arid areas.
中文关键词	夏玉米 ; 施肥模式 ; 产量 ; 氮素利用效率
英文关键词	summer maize fertilization patter yield nitrogen use efficiency
类型	Article
语种	中文
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	Agriculture
CSCD记录号	CSCD:6820100
来源机构	西北农林科技大学
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/353707
作者单位	周昌明, 江西农业大学国土资源与环境学院, 南昌, 江西 330045, 中国.; 李援农, 西北农林科技大学, 旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室, 杨凌, 陕西 712100, 中国.; 陈朋朋, 西北农林科技大学, 旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室, 杨凌, 陕西 712100, 中国.
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	周昌明,李援农,陈朋朋. 一次性施肥模式对覆膜夏玉米产量与氮素利用的影响[J]. 西北农林科技大学,2020,51(10):329-337.
APA	周昌明,李援农,&陈朋朋.(2020).一次性施肥模式对覆膜夏玉米产量与氮素利用的影响.农业机械学报,51(10),329-337.
MLA	周昌明,et al."一次性施肥模式对覆膜夏玉米产量与氮素利用的影响".农业机械学报 51.10(2020):329-337.