干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 除草剂配施安全剂对土壤酶活性与糜子根系生理代谢的影响

Arid

	除草剂配施安全剂对土壤酶活性与糜子根系生理代谢的影响
其他题名	Effects of combined application of safeners and herbicides on soil enzyme and active oxygen metabolism in proso millet
	冯煜; 赵颖楠; 林瑞嫦; 王娜; 高小丽
来源期刊	农业工程学报
ISSN	1002-6819
出版年	2020
卷号	36 期号:23 页码:117-123
中文摘要	为探究安全剂与除草剂复配施用对除草剂药害的缓解以及对糜子田土壤酶活性、根系活性氧代谢和糜子生长发育的影响。于2019年5-10月在陕西省榆林市小杂粮试验示范站进行试验,选用糜子品种榆糜2号为试验材料,选取苗前除草剂:谷友(10%单嘧磺隆,2.4 kg/hm~2)与3种安全剂:芸苔素(300 mL/hm~2)、赤霉素(300 mL/hm~2)、奈安(1.2 kg/hm~2)复配使用,设置清水不除草对照与人工除草对照。测定杂草鲜重防效、药害指数、根际土壤酶活性、糜子根系抗氧化酶活性与丙二醛含量及糜子农艺性状与产量。结果表明:1)芸苔素、赤霉素、奈安与单嘧磺隆复配后药害指数显著下降,分别降低了20.27%、21.63%、20.94%;2)单嘧磺隆处理(H1)的土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶活性在施药后7~42 d时相较于不除草处理CK1被显著抑制,活性抑制率随时间降低,添加安全剂后土壤蔗糖酶和脲酶活性显著提升,抑制率显著降低;3)与单施除草剂相比,安全剂复配施用的糜子根系超氧化物歧化酶活性在施药后14~ 28 d时显著升高;过氧化氢酶活性显著降低;丙二醛含量明显降低;4)单嘧磺隆导致糜子株高、穗长、主穗质量降低,安全剂复配施用减少了除草剂的不利影响,其中单嘧磺隆与赤霉素复配施用产量最高,达5 035 kg/hm~2,较CK1增产1 114 kg/hm~2,较单施单嘧磺隆处理的增产1 061 kg/hm~2。安全剂与单嘧磺隆复配使用能延缓单嘧磺隆对糜子根际土壤酶活性的抑制,提高土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶活性,提高糜子根系超氧化物歧化酶活性,减缓了药害胁迫造成的膜脂过氧化作用,减少细胞膜系统的损伤,延缓了根系衰老进程,提高了糜子的株高、茎粗、穗长、主穗质量及产量。其中赤霉素与单嘧磺隆复配使用在缓解除草剂药害,促进糜子增产方面效果较好。
英文摘要	Proso millet is a small-seeded grass crop that produces large amounts of grain. Proso millet is also usually cultivated in arid and semi-arid regions of China, due mainly to its drought resistance, barren tolerance, and early maturity. In proso millet fields, chemical herbicides are mostly used to remove or prevent the growth of unwanted plants, such as weeds, invasive species, or agricultural pests. However, the herbicides can inevitably damage the proso millet, even to cause phytotoxicity of crops in the weeding. As such, safeners can be added to reduce the damage of herbicides to plants. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of research concerning the effects of safeners and herbicides on the soil environment and root active oxygen metabolism of proso millet. Therefore, this study aims to explore the effects of safeners on the mitigation of herbicide damage, the soil enzyme activity, the root antioxidant enzyme activity, as well as the growth and development of proso millet. Taking proso millet variety Yumi-2 as the material in Yulin, Shaanxi Province in 2019, four patterns of herbicides compounding were designed, including one pre-emergence herbicide: Guyou (10% monosulfuron wettablepowder, 2.4 kg/hm~2, H1), Guyou add brassins (300 mL/hm~2, H1S1), Guyou add gibberellin (300 mL/hm~2, H1S2), and Guyou add Naian (1.2 kg/hm~2, H1S3), meanwhile, the tap water (CK1) and artificial weeding (CK2) as controls. Moreover, the chemical and physical parameters were determined, including the control effect of weed fresh weight, phytotoxicity index, rhizosphere soil enzyme activity, root antioxidant enzyme activity, Maleicdialdehyde (MDA) content, agronomic traits and yield. The results showed that: 1) The phytotoxicity indexes of brassins, gibberellin, and Naian combined with Guyou significantly decreased by 20.27%, 21.63%, and 20.94%, respectively, but there was no significant change in the weed control effect. 2) The soil invertase and urease activities in the H1 treatment were dramatically inhibited, compared with that in the CK1 at 7-42 days after spraying, where the activity inhibition rate decreased with the time. Furthermore, the activities of soil invertase and urease significantly increased, whereas, the inhibition rate was significantly reduced after adding the safener (H1S1, H1S2, and H1S3 treatments). It infers that the mixed spraying of safener and Guyou can reduce soil alkaline phosphatase and catalase activities. 3) The root Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activity in the H1 treatment was significantly lower than that in the CK1 at 14-28 d, while that was higher than that in the CK1 at 42-70 d. The activity of root SOD in the safener compound was higher than that in the H1 treatment at 14-28 d after spraying, while that was lower than that in the H1 treatment at 42-70 d. The root Catalase (CAT) activity in the H1 treatment was higher than that in the CK1 at 14-42 d, while was lower than that in the CK1 at 70-96 d. The CAT activity was reduced in safener compound after spraying. The root MDA content in the H1 treatment increased significantly, while it decreased significantly in the safener compound treatment after spraying. 4) Monosulfuron-methyl resulted in the reduction of plant height in proso millet, ear length, and main ear weight. The combined application of safeners reduced the adverse effects of herbicides.
中文关键词	除草剂 ; 土壤 ; 酶活性 ; 安全剂 ; 糜子 ; 活性氧代谢
英文关键词	herbicides soils enzyme activity safener proso millet active oxygen metabolism
类型	Article
语种	中文
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	Agriculture
CSCD记录号	CSCD:6906676
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/353695
作者单位	冯煜, 西北农林科技大学, 旱区作物逆境生物学国家重点实验室, 杨凌, 712100. 赵颖楠, 西北农林科技大学, 旱区作物逆境生物学国家重点实验室, 杨凌, 712100. 林瑞嫦, 西北农林科技大学, 旱区作物逆境生物学国家重点实验室, 杨凌, 712100. 王娜, 西北农林科技大学, 旱区作物逆境生物学国家重点实验室, 杨凌, 712100. 高小丽, 西北农林科技大学, 旱区作物逆境生物学国家重点实验室, 杨凌, 712100.
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	冯煜,赵颖楠,林瑞嫦,等. 除草剂配施安全剂对土壤酶活性与糜子根系生理代谢的影响[J],2020,36(23):117-123.
APA	冯煜,赵颖楠,林瑞嫦,王娜,&高小丽.(2020).除草剂配施安全剂对土壤酶活性与糜子根系生理代谢的影响.农业工程学报,36(23),117-123.
MLA	冯煜,et al."除草剂配施安全剂对土壤酶活性与糜子根系生理代谢的影响".农业工程学报 36.23(2020):117-123.