干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 聚丙烯酰胺/蒙脱土渗灌材料制备及其导水性能野外试验

Arid

	聚丙烯酰胺/蒙脱土渗灌材料制备及其导水性能野外试验
其他题名	Preparation of polyacrylamide/montmorillonite infiltrating irrigation material and field test of its water conducting performance
	渠永平; 张增志
来源期刊	农业工程学报
ISSN	1002-6819
出版年	2020
卷号	36 期号:18 页码:144-152
中文摘要	基于沙生植物微需水量的特点,利用聚丙烯酰胺(Polyacrylamide, PAM)和蒙脱土(Montmorillonite, MMT)复合制备了一种渗灌复合材料,研究了材料的成膜性能和吸释水性能,并对渗灌系统的自调节导水性能进行了研究,然后在乌兰布和沙漠进行了渗灌系统的野外试验,最后利用X射线衍射仪、红外光谱分析仪和扫描电子显微镜对复合材料自调节导水机理进行分析。结果表明:PAM与MMT的最佳质量比为0.25, PAM和MMT制备的复合导水材料可在纤维表面形成均匀连续的膜,且导水材料的吸水和释水性能较为均衡,干湿交替试验显示其可根据土壤湿度自调节导水速率。沙漠野外试验表明,肉苁蓉接种率从对照组的23%提高到86%。材料微观分析表明:PAM通过插层作用进入MMT片层间形成复合导水材料,导水材料主要依靠PAM和MMT的相互作用传导水分,PAM的干燥收缩和吸水溶胀会引起MMT的连接和分开,从而引起水分传导速率的变化。研究结果可为渗灌材料的应用提供参考。
英文摘要	Based on the characteristics of micro water requirement of psammophytes, a kind of infiltrating irrigation composite material was prepared by using Polyacrylamide (PAM) and Montmorillonite (MMT). An infiltrating irrigation system was then designed based on the composite material. The film-forming properties of the composite water conducting materials with different proportions of PAM and MMT were observed and analyzed by using a scanning electron microscope, and water absorption performance and water release performance of the material were tested in air and sand. The composite water conducting materials were made into an infiltrating irrigation emitter, and the water conductivity of the infiltrating irrigation head was studied. On this basis, an infiltration irrigation system was designed, and then water transmission performance of the infiltration irrigation system was studied. A field test of infiltrating irrigation system in Ulan Buhe desert was carried out. The self-regulation mechanism of composite material was analyzed by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectrum analyzer and scanning electron microscope. The results showed that the best mass ratio of PAM to MMT was 0.25. The material had good coating uniformity on the fiber surface. The water absorption test showed that, in the first 40 min, the water absorption increased rapidly. From 40 to 120 min, the water absorption continued to increase, but the water absorption rate began to decrease gradually. After 120 min, the water absorption amount changed little, and the water absorption rate almost dropped to 0. The water absorption amount was 30.2 g/g at 150 min. In air, the composite released water rapidly in the first 50 minutes, and then kept stable until 140 minutes, reaching 24.2 g/g. The water release rate in dry sand was slightly higher than it in air. The water release reached 28.5 g/g. The water conducting test of infiltrating irrigation emitter showed that the soil moisture content was 13% after the water diversion was stable, indicating that the soil moisture content could meet the growth needs of Cistanche deserticola. The water conducting tests of infiltrating irrigation showed that the effluent rate of irrigating system gradually decreased within 24 h, and the initial effluent rate reached 52 mL/h, and then decreased rapidly to 21 mL/h at 6 h. The effluent rate began to slow down and tend to be stable, and the effluent rate was 7 mL/h at 24 h. The water conducting curve of infiltrating irrigation system within 7 days showed that the water conducting rate was 420 mL/d on the first day, and then kept stable at about 160 mL/ d. In the three dry and wet cycles, the water conductivity of the infiltrating irrigation system was 420 mL/d in the first day, and 165 mL/h in the second to third day. The results showed that when the external soil moisture was low, the hydraulic conductivity of the infiltrating irrigation system was faster (about 420 mL/d), and with the water conduction, the external soil moisture gradually increased, and the water conducting rate of the infiltrating irrigation system decreased and remained stable. When the soil moisture decreased again, the water conductivity of the infiltrating irrigation system would increase again. So the dry and wet alternating test showed that it could self-regulate the water conducting rate according to the soil moisture, and the inoculation rate of Cistanche deserticola improved from 23% to 86%.
中文关键词	荒漠化 ; 聚丙烯酰胺 ; 蒙脱土 ; 渗灌 ; 导水
英文关键词	desertification polyacrylamide montmorillonite infiltrating irrigation water conducting
类型	Article
语种	中文
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	Engineering
CSCD记录号	CSCD:6840737
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/353686
作者单位	渠永平, 中北大学材料科学与工程学院;;中北大学矿物功能材料研究所, ;;, 太原;;太原, ;; 030051;;030051. 张增志, 中国矿业大学(北京)生态功能材料研究所, 北京 100083, 中国.
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	渠永平,张增志. 聚丙烯酰胺/蒙脱土渗灌材料制备及其导水性能野外试验[J],2020,36(18):144-152.
APA	渠永平,&张增志.(2020).聚丙烯酰胺/蒙脱土渗灌材料制备及其导水性能野外试验.农业工程学报,36(18),144-152.
MLA	渠永平,et al."聚丙烯酰胺/蒙脱土渗灌材料制备及其导水性能野外试验".农业工程学报 36.18(2020):144-152.