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| 中国粮食生产类家庭农场的适度经营规模研究 | |
| 其他题名 | Moderate land scale of grain production family farms in China |
| 辛良杰 | |
| 来源期刊 | 农业工程学报
 |
| ISSN | 1002-6819 |
| 出版年 | 2020 |
| 卷号 | 36期号:10 |
| 中文摘要 | 当前中国超小规模的农业生产方式导致农户农业收入低下,严重阻碍了农业的可持续发展,发展适度规模的家庭农场已是大势所趋。土地适度规模受到社会平均收入 、粮食生产收益等多重因素的综合影响,是一个动态数值。该研究基于收入均等化测算法,以打工农户的收入水平为衡量标准,研究了中国地级市尺度的土地适度经 营规模。研究表明,2016-2017年中国粮食类家庭农场的适度规模在13~14 hm~2左右,相当于全国户均耕地面积的30倍左右。依据各市农业适度经营规模,参考区域耕地资源禀赋、经营规模形成的难易程度将全国划分为9个一级大区 、38个二级亚区。东北地区大区与内蒙高原大区适度经营规模在15~17 hm~2范围,华北平原大区在10 hm~2左右,长江下游大区与东南沿海大区在7~9 hm~2范围,西南山地大区为6 hm~2,黄土高原大区为18 hm~2,西北干旱大区为25 hm~2,青藏高原大区的适度经营规模为全国最高,达到30 hm~2。从适度经营规模与户均耕地面积的比值来看,内蒙高原大区为8倍,华北平原大区、长江下游平原大区为35倍左右。中国实现规模经营整体难度较大, 区域上呈现从东南沿海向西北内陆难度依次降低的规律性带状分布。建议将适度经营规模标准提升至15~20倍范围,同时制度创新,消减高昂的土地流转交易成 本。 |
| 英文摘要 | In China,ultra-small-scale agricultural production remains low agricultural income which cannot afford adequate livelihood and as well meet their basic needs of rural households. Smallholder production systems have seriously hindered the sustainable development of China's agriculture. Family farms with a moderate land scale is a way to develop China's agriculture. Moderate land scale of China's agriculture is affected by multiple factors like average social income level,grain production income,etc. So moderate land scale is a dynamic value. This paper aimed to assess moderate land scales of grain family farms at the municipal level in China based on the method of income equalization. The research findings are as follows. The moderate land scale of grain family farms was 13-14 hm~2 in 2016-2017,equivalent to the local household contracted area of 30 times. According to the policy formulated by China's central government in 2014,the moderate scale of one family farm should be 10-15 times of average household contracted area. That is,the current standard of moderate scale is low. Mainland China can be divided into 9 districts and 38 sub districts according to the different types of land scale management. The moderate scale of the Northeast Region and the Inner Mongolia Plateau Region are 15-17 hm~2,the North China Plain Region is about 10 hm~2,the Lower Yangtze River Region and the Southeast Coastal Region are 7-9 hm~2,the Southwest Mountainous Region is 6 hm~2,the Loess Plateau Region is 18 hm~2,and the Northwest Arid Region is 25 hm~2. The scale of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Region is the highest,30 hm~2. The ratio of the moderate scale to the average cultivated land area per household in the Inner Mongolia Plateau Region is 8,and the ratio in the North China Plain Region and the Lower Yangtze River Region is about 35. It is difficult for China to achieve scale management on the whole,and the difficulty gradually decreases from the southeast coast to the northwest inland. The boundary line extends from Beijing to Nujiang Lisu Nationality Autonomous region,Yunnan. The moderate scales of grain family farms in the southeast region of the line are mostly 6-10 hm~2,and it is difficult to achieve. In contrast,the moderate scales in the northwest region of the line are mostly above 15 hm~2,and it is easy to achieve. China's scale management reform is at the initial stage. The promotion speed of scale management should not be fast to avoid social unrest. It is recommended to raise the standard of moderate management scale to the range of 15-20 times,and the standard can be adjusted according to the actual situation in different regions. The government should also promote institutional innovation to reduce high land transfer transaction costs. System reform can be carried out in three aspects. Firstly,the government should promote farmers who do not rely on agriculture to actively release land resources;Secondly,the local governments should actively play a coordinating role to promote land centralization and scale management;Finally,a unified and perfect land circulation market should be established. |
| 中文关键词 | 粮食 ; 区划 ; 粮食类家庭农场 ; 土地适度经营规模 ; 中国 |
| 英文关键词 | grain zoning grain family farms moderate scale of land management China |
| 类型 | Article |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 收录类别 | CSCD |
| WOS类目 | Agriculture |
| CSCD记录号 | CSCD:6749508 |
| 资源类型 | 期刊论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/353676 |
| 作者单位 | 辛良杰, 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所, 中国科学院陆地表层格局与模拟重点实验室, 北京 100101, 中国. |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 辛良杰. 中国粮食生产类家庭农场的适度经营规模研究[J],2020,36(10). |
| APA | 辛良杰.(2020).中国粮食生产类家庭农场的适度经营规模研究.农业工程学报,36(10). |
| MLA | 辛良杰."中国粮食生产类家庭农场的适度经营规模研究".农业工程学报 36.10(2020). |
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