干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 苹果果实日灼产生条件及适应机制

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	苹果果实日灼产生条件及适应机制
其他题名	The production conditions and adaptation mechanism of sunburn in apple
	刘玉莲; 陶佳; 左存武; 吴玉霞; 车飞
来源期刊	果树学报
ISSN	1009-9980
出版年	2020
卷号	37 期号:11 页码:1758-1765
中文摘要	苹果产区主要分布在半干旱地区,且随着水资源短缺以及矮化砧木在苹果生产上的广泛应用,日灼病害的发生日趋严重,必将成为限制苹果品质提升和苹果产区经济效益提高的重要因素。在我国,由于果实套袋依然作为一项广泛应用的栽培措施,使得我国苹果日灼损伤发生发展的过程与条件与非套袋产区有所不同,因此迫切需要深入开展基于我国气候条件和栽培模式的日灼方面的研究。为此笔者结合国内外研究现状和我国果产区的情况,对苹果果实日灼的种类、发生发展条件和果皮适应机制等方面进行分析和总结,为我国苹果果实日灼的防治提供理论依据。
英文摘要	Apple production areas are mainly distributed in semi-arid areas, with the shortage of water resources and the extensive application of dwarfing rootstocks. The occurrence of apple sunburn is becoming increasingly serious, reducing fruit quality and the economic benefits. Fruit bagging in apple is widely used in China where the reason causing apple sunburn might be different from that in other production areas, so it is urgent to study apple sunburn based on China's climate condition and cultivation patterns. In this paper, the authors analyzed and summarized the types of apple sunburn, the development conditions and the adaptation mechanism of apple peel, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention of apple sunburn in China. At present, apple sunburn is divided into three types: sunburn necrosis, sunburn browning and photooxidative sunburn. Excess radiant heating and/or exposure to excess sunlight are the direct causes of sunburn, other factors (relative humidity, wind speed, variety and cultivation management) could interact with high temperature and strong light to influence the occurrence and development of sunburn although each of them alone might not induce the apple sunburn, but.The sunburn necrosis occurs when the temperature of fruit surface (FST) exceeds a threshold (521 ℃), and lasts for 10 min, causing thermal cell death with complete inactivation of the photosynthetic, and black or brown necrotic spots appear on the sunny side of the fruit peel. The sunburn browning appears when the FST reaches 46-49 ℃ and lasts for more than 60 min, yellow, brown or dark brown spots will appear on the sunny side of the fruits in most varieties and which is the most common sunburn type in non-bagging apples. The photooxidative sunburn usually occurs when the shaded fruits are suddenly exposed to the high temperature and strong light, and white spots will appear on the fruit surface. The photooxidative damage occurs on the apple skins during the typical sunburn formation. When the apple is exposed to the strong light, the light energy absorbed by the skin tissue will gradually increase, when it exceeds photosynthetic requirements, a large number of reactive oxygen species (ROS) will be produced, leading to photooxidation. If the fruit continues to be exposed to the high temperature and strong light, sunburn damage will occur. In this process, the skin tissue will reduce the accumulation of the heat and the ROS, and the damage to photosynthetic organs occur due to the changes of its own physiological and biochemical processes, such as accumulating photoprotective pigments and promoting biosynthesis of antioxidants and so on. However, when stresses exceed certain thresholds (duration and intensity), these mechanisms become inefficient, resulting in sunburn symptoms. In the course of sunburn development, the pigment content and composition of apple peel will change significantly. The content of chlorophyll is decreased and the content of carotene and flavonoids are increased, but the content of anthocyanin, the main pigment of red apple, also vary with different types of sunburn. Anthocyanin accumulation was found around the photooxidative sunburn spots, while in the interior of sunburn spots, anthocyanin content was lower. For the Sunburn browning, the content of anthocyanin in the spots of fruits was lower than that of the normal apple skins. Chlorophyll and carotenoids are also the main pigments that determine fruit color.
中文关键词	苹果 ; 日灼 ; 产生条件 ; 适应机制
英文关键词	Apple Sunburn Production conditions Adaptation mechanism
类型	Article
语种	中文
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	Agriculture
CSCD记录号	CSCD:6848264
来源机构	甘肃农业大学
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/353599
作者单位	刘玉莲, 甘肃农业大学, 兰州, 甘肃 730070, 中国.; 左存武, 甘肃农业大学, 兰州, 甘肃 730070, 中国.; 吴玉霞, 甘肃农业大学, 兰州, 甘肃 730070, 中国.; 陶佳, 东莞德盛肥料科技有限公司, 东莞, 广东 523900, 中国.; 车飞, 四川省开江中学, 达州, 四川 636250, 中国.
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	刘玉莲,陶佳,左存武,等. 苹果果实日灼产生条件及适应机制[J]. 甘肃农业大学,2020,37(11):1758-1765.
APA	刘玉莲,陶佳,左存武,吴玉霞,&车飞.(2020).苹果果实日灼产生条件及适应机制.果树学报,37(11),1758-1765.
MLA	刘玉莲,et al."苹果果实日灼产生条件及适应机制".果树学报 37.11(2020):1758-1765.