干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 暗管排水控盐对盐渍化灌区土壤盐分淋洗有效性评价

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	暗管排水控盐对盐渍化灌区土壤盐分淋洗有效性评价
其他题名	Assessing the Efficiency of Subsurface Drain in Controlling Soil Salinization in Hetao Irrigation District
	窦旭; 史海滨; 李瑞平; 苗庆丰; 田峰; 于丹丹; 周利颖
来源期刊	灌溉排水学报
ISSN	1672-3317
出版年	2020
卷号	39 期号:8 页码:102-110
中文摘要	【目的】解决盐渍化灌区土壤盐渍化较严重问题,明确暗管排水控盐对土壤盐分淋洗效果的影响。【方法】以灌区下游乌拉特灌域为研究区,通过野外实测和室内试验分析结合,采用经典统计学与地质统计原理,分析收获后、春灌前后暗管排水土壤盐分统计特征和空间异质性,及其土壤盐分和盐分离子脱盐效率和暗管排水对地下水埋深的影响。【结果】暗管排水0~20、20~40, 40~100cm土壤平均脱盐率分别为61.14%、52.78%、40.37%,随着土壤深度的增加,脱盐率减小。春灌后土壤盐分变异系数降低、空间自相关性增强,说明春灌后土壤盐分空间异质性均有所下降。土壤中除CO_3~(2-)表现为上升趋势外,其余各离子均表现为下降趋势,且HCO_3~-脱盐率最小,几乎不变,土壤各盐分离子脱盐率大小表现为:Cl~->K~++Na~+>SO_4~(2-)>Mg~(2+)>Ca~(2+)>HCO_3~- 。暗管排水地下水埋深在灌后7 d开始下降,且下降速率较快,排水明沟深1.5m,对地下水埋深的控制效果较好。【结论】利用暗管排水均能降低土壤含盐量,弱化土壤含盐量的空间异质性, 土壤盐分由高盐异质性向低盐均质性转变,有效降低土壤盐分离子量,避免盐渍化过程中离子平衡失调,防止盐类向单一化方向发展。利用暗管排水技术降低河套灌区土壌盐分,控制地下水埋深,保证作物正常生长,防止土壌次生盐渍化具有重要意义;暗管排水技术可在河套灌区农业生产中推广应用。
英文摘要	【Background】 Soil salinization could cause soil desertification and land degradation, and it is a major ecological concern affecting sustainable agricultural production almost in every country around the world. Hetao Irrigation District is located in an arid and semi-arid region in Inner Mongolia, and it is one of the three major irrigation areas in China. Precipitation in the region is low while evaporation is high, leading to sever soil salinization and hampering sustainable agricultural development in the region. Open ditch drainage has been widely used to control groundwater table and alleviate soil salinity in the district, but it often results in slope collapse in addition to its waste of valuable land. It is also ineffective to control soil salinization due to its low efficiency in draining water. Subsurface drain can resolve these problems while in the meantime improving soil physical and chemical properties.【Objective】 The purpose of this paper is to assess the efficacy of subsurface drains in alleviating soil salinization induced by irrigation in Hetao Irrigation district.【Method】 We took Wulate area to the downstream of the district as an example. Data measured from field and laboratory were analyzed using the principles of classical statistics and geostatistics method, from which we obtained the statistical characteristics and spatial heterogeneity of soil salt at harvest, before and after the spring irrigation, respectively. We also analyzed the effects of soil salt and its ion composition on efficiency of the subsurface drain in desalinizing soil.【Result】 The average desalination rate in the 0~20 cm, 20~40 cm and 40~100 cm of soils was 61.14%, 52.78% and 40.37%, respectively. Subsurface drains reduced the coefficient of variation while increased spatial autocorrelation of soil salt, indicating that irrigation after spring reduced heterogeneity of the salt distribution. Except for CO_3~(2-), the drains reduced the concentration of other ions although HCO_3~- remained almost unchanged. The decrease in ions can be ranked in the order of Cl~->K~++Na~+>SO_4~(2-)>Mg~(2+)>Ca~(2+)>HCO_3~-. Groundwater table started dropping seven days after irrigation and soil desalination was fast in this period. In comparison, open ditch 1.5 m deep was also effective in controlling groundwater table.【Conclusion】 Subsurface drains increased soil desalination, reduced spatial heterogeneity of soil salt and contents of most ions. It also alleviated ion imbalance in salinization and prevented development of salinization dominated by a few ions. Overall, subsurface drains can control groundwater table and reduce soil salinity thereby safeguarding crop growth in Hetao Irrigation district.
中文关键词	暗管排水 ; 土壤盐分 ; 盐分离子 ; 空间变异 ; 地下水埋深
英文关键词	subsurface drain soil salinity salt ions spatial variation groundwater table depth
类型	Article
语种	中文
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	Agriculture
CSCD记录号	CSCD:6786019
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/353578
作者单位	窦旭, 内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院, 呼和浩特, 内蒙古 010018, 中国. 史海滨, 内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院, 呼和浩特, 内蒙古 010018, 中国. 李瑞平, 内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院, 呼和浩特, 内蒙古 010018, 中国. 苗庆丰, 内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院, 呼和浩特, 内蒙古 010018, 中国. 田峰, 内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院, 呼和浩特, 内蒙古 010018, 中国. 于丹丹, 内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院, 呼和浩特, 内蒙古 010018, 中国. 周利颖, 内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院, 呼和浩特, 内蒙古 010018, 中国.
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	窦旭,史海滨,李瑞平,等. 暗管排水控盐对盐渍化灌区土壤盐分淋洗有效性评价[J],2020,39(8):102-110.
APA	窦旭.,史海滨.,李瑞平.,苗庆丰.,田峰.,...&周利颖.(2020).暗管排水控盐对盐渍化灌区土壤盐分淋洗有效性评价.灌溉排水学报,39(8),102-110.
MLA	窦旭,et al."暗管排水控盐对盐渍化灌区土壤盐分淋洗有效性评价".灌溉排水学报 39.8(2020):102-110.