干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 1980-2018年黄河上游气候变化及其对生态植被和径流量的影响

Arid

	1980-2018年黄河上游气候变化及其对生态植被和径流量的影响
其他题名	Climate change in the upper Yellow River Basin and its impact on ecological vegetation and runoff from 1980 to 2018
	叶培龙; 张强; 王莺; 徐丽丽; 韩林君; 李蓉
来源期刊	大气科学学报
ISSN	1674-7097
出版年	2020
卷号	43 期号:6
中文摘要	黄河上游是黄河流域最重要的水源涵养地和产流区,对黄河流域的水资源安全、生态环境和粮食安全有决定性的意义。近年来在西北地区气候暖湿化的背景下,黄河上游气候生态水文等问题受到了各方的高度关注。本文利用卫星遥感数据、格点融合数据和水文监测数据,分析了黄河上游气候的多尺度变化特征及其对植被和径流量的影响。结果表明: 1)1980-2018年黄河上游暖湿化趋势呈现全区域较一致的气候特征,温度增加率为0.023 ℃/a,降水增加率为1.09 mm/a,但同时又存在明显的区域差异性,湟水流域至甘肃中部降水增加最显著,宁蒙荒漠地带增温趋势最明显,2000年以来整个黄河上游降水明显增加。2 000年后汇流区与流径区的蒸散发明显增加,但源头区南部波动减少。2)当前的暖湿化有利于黄河上游植被生长,1999年以来汇流区和源头区部分区域的植被增加率达到0.04/(10 a);从长期趋势看,源头区、汇流区植被指数与上年降水呈显著正相关关系,而流径区植被指数与当年降水相关性显著;降水对黄河上游流域植被具有明显的改善作用,而温度对其影响较复杂,各区域不同的植被类型是导致降水、温度、蒸散影响存在差异的可能原因。3)1980-2018年唐乃亥站和兰州站的年径流量均呈减少趋势,但1998年以来两站的年径流量明显增加,兰州站年径流量的增加率是唐乃亥站的近3倍。长期趋势表明,唐乃亥站年径流量与当年降水呈显著正相关关系,兰州站年径流量与当年降水、蒸散的相关系数均明显低于唐乃亥站;从年际波动看,降水是决定年径流量的最主要影响因子,而生态植被、冻土退化、水储量变化及社会活动等因素对径流量的影响也不容忽视。该研究为科学应对黄河上游生态保护及实现黄河流域高质量发展提供了参考依据。
英文摘要	The upper Yellow River Basin is the most important water conservation and runoff producing areas in the Yellow River Basin,which is of decisive significance to the water resources security,ecological environment and food security of the Yellow River Basin.In recent years,under the background of warm and humid climate in Northwest China, the climate,ecology,hydrology and other issues in the upper Yellow River Basin have attracted great attention.Based on satellite remote sensing data,grid fusion data and hydrological monitoring data, this paper analyzes the multi-scale variation characteristics of climate and its impact on ecological vegetation and runoff in the upper Yellow River Basin.Results are summarized as follows: (1)From 1980 to 2018, the warming and wetting trend in the upper Yellow River Basin presents a relatively consistent climate characteristics in the whole region.The temperature and precipitation increase rates are 0.023 ℃/a, 1.09 mm/a respectively.However, there are obvious regional differences at the same time.The increasing trend of precipitation is the most obvious over the confluence area of Huangshui River Basin and central part of Gansu Province,and the increasing trend of temperature is the most obvious in the desert area of Ningxia and Nei Monggol.Since 2000, the precipitation in the whole upper Yellow River Basin has increased significantly.After 2000, the actual evapotranspiration increases significantly in the confluence and flow areas but decreases in the south of the source area.(2)The current warm and humid climate is conducive to vegetation growth in the upper Yellow River Basin,and the vegetation growth rate has reached 0.04/(10 a)in the confluence and source areas since 1999.From the long-term trend, the vegetation index in the source and confluence areas has a significant positive correlation with precipitation in the previous year,while the vegetation index in the flow area has a significant correlation with precipitation in the current year.Precipitation has obvious effect on vegetation improvement in the upper Yellow River Basin,while temperature has more complex effect on vegetation.Different vegetation types in different regions are the possible reasons for the differences of precipitation, temperature and evapotranspiration.(3)Affected by the climate and vegetation variations, the annual runoff of Tangnaihai and Lanzhou stations shows a decreasing trend from 1980 to 2018 but a significant increasing trend since 1998,and the increase rate of annual runoff of Lanzhou station is three times that of Tangnaihai station.The long-term trend shows that annual runoff has a significant positive correlation with precipitation at Tangnaihai station in the current year,a nd the correlation coefficients of annual runoff with annual precipitation and evapotranspiration at Lanzhou station in the current year are significantly lower than those at Tangnaihai station.From the perspective of interannual fluctuation (after detrend),precipitation is the most important factor determining annual runoff,and the influences of ecological vegetation,f rozen soil degradation,water storage change and social activities on runoff should not be ignored.This study provides a reference for scientific response to ecological protection in the upper Yellow River Basin and the realization of high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin.
中文关键词	黄河上游 ; 气候变化 ; 多尺度 ; 气候暖湿化 ; 生态和水文影响
英文关键词	upper Yellow River Basin climate change multi-scale climate warming and wetting ecological and hydrological impacts
类型	Article
语种	中文
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
CSCD记录号	CSCD:6902707
来源机构	兰州大学 ; 中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/353380
作者单位	叶培龙, 兰州大学大气科学学院;;兰州中心气象台, 半干旱气候变化教育部重点实验室;;, 兰州;;兰州, 甘肃;;甘肃 730000;;730020, 中国. 张强, 兰州大学大气科学学院;;中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所;;甘肃省气象局, 半干旱气候变化教育部重点实验室;;甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室;;中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾重点开放实验室;;, 兰州;;兰州;;兰州, 甘肃;;甘肃;;甘肃 730000;;730020;;730020, 中国. 王莺, 中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所, 甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室;;中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾重点开放实验室, 兰州, 甘肃 730020, 中国. 徐丽丽, 兰州中心气象台, 兰州, 甘肃 730020, 中国. 韩林君, 兰州中心气象台, 兰州, 甘肃 730020, 中国. 李蓉, 兰州中心气象台, 兰州, 甘肃 730020, 中国.
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	叶培龙,张强,王莺,等. 1980-2018年黄河上游气候变化及其对生态植被和径流量的影响[J]. 兰州大学, 中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所,2020,43(6).
APA	叶培龙,张强,王莺,徐丽丽,韩林君,&李蓉.(2020).1980-2018年黄河上游气候变化及其对生态植被和径流量的影响.大气科学学报,43(6).
MLA	叶培龙,et al."1980-2018年黄河上游气候变化及其对生态植被和径流量的影响".大气科学学报 43.6(2020).