干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 地膜覆盖和施肥对半干旱区苦荞土壤水分利用及产量的影响

Arid

	地膜覆盖和施肥对半干旱区苦荞土壤水分利用及产量的影响
其他题名	Effects of soil plastic mulching and fertilizer application on the water utilization and yield of Tartary buckwheat crops in a semiarid rain-fed area
	方彦杰; 张绪成; 于显枫; 侯慧芝; 王红丽; 马一凡; 张国平; 雷康宁
来源期刊	草业学报
ISSN	1004-5759
出版年	2020
卷号	29 期号:11 页码:46-56
中文摘要	探究地膜覆盖和施肥对西北半干旱区苦荞土壤贮水量、阶段耗水量、植株生长、产量和水分利用效率的影响,可为半干旱区苦荞抗旱增产、资源高效利用提供理论依据。于20152017年设置传统种植不施肥(TNF)、地膜覆盖不施肥(MNF)、地膜覆盖施肥(MF)3个处理,测定了苦荞不同生育时期土壤含水量( 0~300cm土层)、干物质量、叶面积指数、产量等指标,计算土壤贮水量、阶段耗水量、收获指数、水分利用效率(WUE)和年降水利用效率(RUE)等指标。结果表明,与TNF、MNF相比,MF能够增加苦荞苗期0~140cm土层土壤贮水量18.9~42.4 mm、花前土壤耗水量,使苦荞成熟期干物质量平均增加96.3%、3.7%,叶面积指数增加123.7%、7.6%,成穗数增加9.3%、3.9%,单株粒重增加139.2%、12.1%,籽粒饱满率增加14.5%、4.4%,籽粒位高显著降低34.0%、26.8%。由于MF改善了苦荞农田土壤水分状况 ,调节了生育期耗水进程,显著促进了苦荞生长,其产量较TNF增加33.6% ~130.4%、生物量增加62.8%~182.5%、水分利用效率提高34.5%~106.4%,而且这一增产增效作用在欠水年更加显著。综上,地膜覆盖和施肥显著提高了苦荞水分利用效率与产量,是西北黄土高原半干旱区苦荞抗旱增产、资源高效的有效措施。
英文摘要	This research investigated the effects of fertilizer application and soil-plastic mulching on soil water storage,periodic evapotranspiration(ET),plant development,yield and water use efficiency(WUE)of Tartary buckwheat crops grown in a semiarid rain-fed area,in order to identify cultivation techniques that enhance crop drought resistance and efficient resource utilization.A field experiment comprising three treatments was conducted from 2015to 2017at Dingxi Experimental Station of Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences.The three treatments were:traditional planting without fertilization application (TNF),whole field soil-plastic mulching without fertilization application(MNF),and whole field soil-plastic mulching with fertilization application(MF).The soil water content for the 0-300cm soil depth,crop dry matter,leaf area index and yield of Tartary buckwheat were recorded.The soil water storage,periodic measurements of ET,harvest index,rainwater use efficiency(RUE)and water use efficiency(WUE)were calculated,to determine the effects of fertilizer application and soil plastic mulching and bunch seeding on water utilization and yield.It was found that MF increased soil water storage by 18.9-42.4mm in the 0-140cm soil layer during the seedling stage,and the ET in the pre-flowering period,as compared with TNF and MNF.Compared to TNF and MNF,respectively, MF increased the dry matter quality at maturity by an average of 96.3% and 3.7%,the leaf area index by 123.7%and 7.6%,the number of ears by 9.3%and 3.9%,the grain weight per plant by 139.2%and 12.1%, the grain plumpness by 14.5%and 4.4%,and reduced the ear height by 34.0%and 26.8%.Compared to TNF, MF significantly promoted the population-level statistics of Tartary buckwheat,with a yield increase of 33.6% -130.4%,a biomass increase of 62.8%-182.5%,an enhancement of WUE of 34.5%-106.4%,and these effects were more pronounced in dry seasons.Therefore,the cultivation practice comprising whole-field soil plastic mulching with fertilizer application improves the yield and WUE of Tartary buckwheat,can be recommended as a suitable planting mode for drought amelioration and yield increase of Tartary buckwheat in the semi-arid area of the northwest Loess Plateau.
中文关键词	苦荞 ; 地膜覆盖 ; 施肥 ; 水分利用效率 ; 产量
英文关键词	tartary buckwheat soil-plastic mulching fertilization water use efficiency yield
类型	Article
语种	中文
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	Agriculture
CSCD记录号	CSCD:6847352
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/353361
作者单位	方彦杰, 甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所;;甘肃省旱作区水资源高效利用重点实验室, ;;甘肃省旱作区水资源高效利用重点实验室, 兰州;;兰州, 甘肃;;甘肃 730070;;730070, 中国. 张绪成, 甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所;;甘肃省旱作区水资源高效利用重点实验室, ;;甘肃省旱作区水资源高效利用重点实验室, 兰州;;兰州, 甘肃;;甘肃 730070;;730070, 中国. 于显枫, 甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所;;甘肃省旱作区水资源高效利用重点实验室, ;;甘肃省旱作区水资源高效利用重点实验室, 兰州;;兰州, 甘肃;;甘肃 730070;;730070, 中国. 侯慧芝, 甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所;;甘肃省旱作区水资源高效利用重点实验室, ;;甘肃省旱作区水资源高效利用重点实验室, 兰州;;兰州, 甘肃;;甘肃 730070;;730070, 中国. 王红丽, 甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所;;甘肃省旱作区水资源高效利用重点实验室, ;;甘肃省旱作区水资源高效利用重点实验室, 兰州;;兰州, 甘肃;;甘肃 730070;;730070, 中国. 马一凡, 甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所, 兰州, 甘肃 730070, 中国. 张国平, 甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所, 兰州, 甘肃 730070, 中国. 雷康宁, 甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所, 兰州, 甘肃 730070, 中国.
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	方彦杰,张绪成,于显枫,等. 地膜覆盖和施肥对半干旱区苦荞土壤水分利用及产量的影响[J],2020,29(11):46-56.
APA	方彦杰.,张绪成.,于显枫.,侯慧芝.,王红丽.,...&雷康宁.(2020).地膜覆盖和施肥对半干旱区苦荞土壤水分利用及产量的影响.草业学报,29(11),46-56.
MLA	方彦杰,et al."地膜覆盖和施肥对半干旱区苦荞土壤水分利用及产量的影响".草业学报 29.11(2020):46-56.