干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 中国西北干旱区过度灌溉绿洲的水分收支特征研究

Arid

	中国西北干旱区过度灌溉绿洲的水分收支特征研究
其他题名	Water Budget Characteristics of Over-Irrigated Oasis in Arid Region of Northwest China
	王蓓; 鄢春华; 王月; 李程; 张清涛; 邱国玉
来源期刊	北京大学学报. 自然科学版
ISSN	0479-8023
出版年	2020
卷号	56 期号:6 页码:1122-1128
中文摘要	基于水分收支平衡原理,观测2012年生长季张掖绿洲的水分收支分量动态特征,探究灌溉对绿洲水分收支的影响。结果表明:1)无降水及灌溉时,绿洲内40 ~100 cm深度的土壤含水量高于0~20 cm的土壤,强降水事件对0~20 cm的土壤含水量影响较大,而灌溉事件对0~100 cm的土壤含水量有明显影响;2)无降水及灌溉时,绿洲的日均蒸散发(ET)为2.83 mm/d,降水事件后3日蒸散发量为降水之前的1.16倍,灌溉事件之后2日蒸散速率为灌溉之前的1.88倍,说明灌溉对绿洲的蒸散发影响更为显著;3) 绿洲生长季水分收支收入项(降水和灌溉,$P + I$)中,灌溉占89.7%,水分支出项主要为深层渗漏(DP),DP/$left( {P + I} ight)$为81%;4) 2012年生长季绿洲灌溉需水量为213mm,实际灌溉量比灌溉需水量多出474mm,远远超出所需,水资源浪费严重。
英文摘要	Based on the water balance equation,a field experiment was carried out to observe the dynamic characteristic of volumetric soil water content during growing season of 2012 and to explore the impact of irrigation on the oasis water budget.The results showed that in the Zhangye oasis,the volumetric soil water content at the depth of 40-60 cm was higher than that at the depth of 0-20 cm during days without precipitation and irrigation.Heavy precipitation has an obvious impact on the volumetric soil water content at the depth of 0-20 cm while irrigation has an obvious impact at the depth of 0-100 cm.The daily evapotranspiration (ET) was 2.83 mm/d during days without precipitation and irrigation.The ET volume of the third day after precipitation increased by 16% compared to the ET volume before precipitation.The ET rate of the second day after irrigation was observed with an increase of 88% compared to the ET rate before irrigation,indicating that the impact of irrigation on ET was more significant than that of precipitation.The primary incomings of the water budget in the oasis was irrigation,which accounted for 89.7% of the total incomings.The main outgoings of the water budget in the oasis was deep percolation (DP),which accounted for 81% of the total outgoings.The irrigation water requirement was only 213 mm during the growing season of 2012,but the real irrigation volume exceeded the irrigation water requirement by 474 mm.Excessive deep percolation and serious water wastage was obvious during growing season due to the heavy irrigation.
中文关键词	灌溉 ; 土壤水分 ; 蒸散发 ; 水分收支
英文关键词	irrigation soil water evapotranspiration water budget
类型	Article
语种	中文
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	Agriculture
CSCD记录号	CSCD:6862200
来源机构	北京大学
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/353316
作者单位	王蓓, 北京大学环境与能源学院,北京大学深圳研究生院, 深圳, 广东 518055, 中国. 鄢春华, 北京大学环境与能源学院,北京大学深圳研究生院, 深圳, 广东 518055, 中国. 王月, 北京大学环境与能源学院,北京大学深圳研究生院, 深圳, 广东 518055, 中国. 李程, 北京大学环境与能源学院,北京大学深圳研究生院, 深圳, 广东 518055, 中国. 邱国玉, 北京大学环境与能源学院,北京大学深圳研究生院, 深圳, 广东 518055, 中国. 张清涛, 中山大学土木工程学院, 广州, 广东 510275, 中国.
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	王蓓,鄢春华,王月,等. 中国西北干旱区过度灌溉绿洲的水分收支特征研究[J]. 北京大学,2020,56(6):1122-1128.
APA	王蓓,鄢春华,王月,李程,张清涛,&邱国玉.(2020).中国西北干旱区过度灌溉绿洲的水分收支特征研究.北京大学学报. 自然科学版,56(6),1122-1128.
MLA	王蓓,et al."中国西北干旱区过度灌溉绿洲的水分收支特征研究".北京大学学报. 自然科学版 56.6(2020):1122-1128.