干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 生物结皮坡面不同降雨历时的产流特征

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	生物结皮坡面不同降雨历时的产流特征
其他题名	Characteristics of runoff on biological soil crust slope in different rainfall durations
	杨凯; 赵军; 赵允格; 张子辉; 孙会; 谷康民; 郭雅丽; 王闪闪
来源期刊	农业工程学报
ISSN	1002-6819
出版年	2019
卷号	35 期号:23 页码:135-141
中文摘要	黄土高原退耕还林(草)工程实施后,生物结皮广泛发育,显著影响坡面产流。已有大量研究探索了生物结皮对径流的影响,但相关结论存在较大分歧。该研究以黄土高原典型生物结皮坡面为研究对象,通过人工模拟降雨试验,研究了生物结皮坡面产流过程。结果表明:生物结皮坡面较翻耕后的裸土坡面显著降低了初始产流时间,裸土坡面初始产流时间是生物结皮坡面的1.59~3.04倍。生物结皮盖度与初始产流时间之间呈显著的负相关关系;降雨15 min时与60 min时生物结皮对坡面径流的影响发生逆转,90 mm/h的雨强下,当降雨历时为15 min时,生物结皮坡面较裸土坡面增加75.42%的径流;当降雨历时为60 min时,生物结皮坡面径流量较裸土坡面降低52.42%;生物结皮影响了土壤水分入渗速率,导致生物结皮坡面与裸土坡面随降雨历时变化的产流特征出现差异,裸土坡面降雨60 min时的入渗率较15 min时降低了34.30%,高盖度生物结皮坡面降低了6.38%;生物结皮对坡面入渗产流的影响与降雨历时有极大的关系,降雨历时不同,很可能得到截然相反的结论,考虑生物结皮因素的野外降雨试验,降雨历时应不少于45 min。研究结果为解释生物结皮影响坡面入渗产流方面存在的分歧提供了科学依据,进一步明确了干旱半干旱地区生物结皮的水文效应。
英文摘要	The Loess Plateau in China is one of the most severely eroded regions of the world. Since the implementation of Grain for Green ecological restoration project, biological soil crusts (biocrusts) were widely distributed in this region, which significantly affected surface runoff. Numerous studies have explored the effect of biocrusts on runoff. However, the conclusions were still widely different. In the Loess Plateau region, rainfall is mostly concentrated in June to September, and the rainfall duration is not fixed, which may affect the runoff characteristics of biocrust slopes. This study investigated characteristics of runoff from biocrust slope in different rainfall durations in the Loess Plateau region by using artificial simulated rainfall experiment. The experiment was conducted in the revegetated grassland of northern Shaanxi Provence, China. The experiment site was about 80 m20 m, and the slope gradient was approximately 15°. The biocrust types were mainly moss crust and moss cyanobacteria mixed crust in this site and their average coverage was 79.2%. The dimensions of the experimental plots were 10 m2.1 m (length*width).Canopy of higher plants in the plots was removed with scissors. According to the range of local biocrust coverage, two treatments were set: 1) slopes with undisturbed biocrust as a high coverage biocrust (the average biocrust coverage were 79.2%); 2) the slopes with removal of a part of the biocrusts by shovels, which simulated the low biocrust cover situation (the average biocrust coverage were 43.6%). Meanwhile, ploughing plots were set as the control group. The rainfall intensity was set as 90mm/h and the duration was1 hour. The results showed that the initial runoff time of biocrust slope was significantly reduced compared to the bare soil slope. The initial runoff yield time of bare soil was 1.59-3.04 times that of the biocrust slopes. There was a significant negative correlation between biocrust coverage and initial runoff generation time; Conclusion of the influence of biocrusts on runoff yield was contradictory during the first 15 min and 60 min. For 90 mm/h rainfall intensity, runoff from biocrust slope increased by 75.42% compared to bare soil when the rainfall duration was the 15 min. While, runoff from biocrust slope was decreased by 52.42% compared to the bare soil when the rainfall lasted to 60 min; the infiltration rate of soil moisture was affected by biocrusts. The infiltration rate of bare soil slope with 60 min rainfall was 34.30% lower than that with 15 min. The infiltration rate of high coverage biocrust slope with 60 min rainfall was only 6.38% lower than that with 15 min, which may cause the difference of runoff yield between bare soil slope and biocrust slope; the effect of biocrust on slope infiltration and runoff is closely related to rainfall duration. Different periods of rainfall are likely to lead to inconsistent conclusions. Therefore, the duration of rainfall experiment considering the factors of biocrust should be no less than 45 min. The study provides scientific evidences for explaining the differences in the effect of biocrusts on infiltration and runoff, and further clarifies the hydrological effect of biocrusts in arid and semi-arid areas.
中文关键词	径流 ; 水动力学 ; 生物土壤结皮 ; 初始产流时间 ; 径流系数
英文关键词	runoff hydrodynamics biological soil crust initial runoff time runoff coefficient
类型	Article
语种	中文
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	Agriculture
CSCD记录号	CSCD:6646324
来源机构	西北农林科技大学
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/353250
作者单位	杨凯, 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院;;西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所, ;;黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 杨凌;;杨凌, ;; 712100;;712100.; 赵军, 西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所, 黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 杨凌, 712100.; 赵允格, 西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所;;中国科学院大学, 黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室;;, 杨凌;;, ;;北京 712100;;100049.; 张子辉, 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 杨凌, 712100.; 谷康民, 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 杨凌, 712100.; 郭雅丽, 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 杨凌, 712100.; 孙会, 西北农林科技大学林学院, 杨凌, 712100.; 王闪闪, 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049, 中国.
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	杨凯,赵军,赵允格,等. 生物结皮坡面不同降雨历时的产流特征[J]. 西北农林科技大学,2019,35(23):135-141.
APA	杨凯.,赵军.,赵允格.,张子辉.,孙会.,...&王闪闪.(2019).生物结皮坡面不同降雨历时的产流特征.农业工程学报,35(23),135-141.
MLA	杨凯,et al."生物结皮坡面不同降雨历时的产流特征".农业工程学报 35.23(2019):135-141.