干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): Biogeographical venom variation in the Indian spectacled cobra (Naja naja) underscores the pressing need for pan-India efficacious snakebite therapy

Arid

DOI	10.1371/journal.pntd.0009150
	Biogeographical venom variation in the Indian spectacled cobra (Naja naja) underscores the pressing need for pan-India efficacious snakebite therapy
	Laxme, R. R. Senji; Attarde, Saurabh; Khochare, Suyog; Suranse, Vivek; Martin, Gerard; Casewell, Nicholas R.; Whitaker, Romulus; Sunagar, Kartik
通讯作者	Sunagar, K (corresponding author), Indian Inst Sci, Ctr Ecol Sci, Evolutionary Ven Lab, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
来源期刊	PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES
ISSN	1935-2735
出版年	2021
卷号	15 期号:2
英文摘要	Background Snake venom composition is dictated by various ecological and environmental factors, and can exhibit dramatic variation across geographically disparate populations of the same species. This molecular diversity can undermine the efficacy of snakebite treatments, as antivenoms produced against venom from one population may fail to neutralise others. India is the world's snakebite hotspot, with 58,000 fatalities and 140,000 morbidities occurring annually. Spectacled cobra (Naja naja) and Russell's viper (Daboia russelii) are known to cause the majority of these envenomations, in part due to their near country-wide distributions. However, the impact of differing ecologies and environment on their venom compositions has not been comprehensively studied. Methods Here, we used a multi-disciplinary approach consisting of venom proteomics, biochemical and pharmacological analyses, and in vivo research to comparatively analyse N. naja venoms across a broad region (>6000 km; seven populations) covering India's six distinct biogeographical zones. Findings By generating the most comprehensive pan-Indian proteomic and toxicity profiles to date, we unveil considerable differences in the composition, pharmacological effects and potencies of geographically-distinct venoms from this species and, through the use of immunological assays and preclinical experiments, demonstrate alarming repercussions on antivenom therapy. We find that commercially-available antivenom fails to effectively neutralise envenomations by the pan-Indian populations of N. naja, including a complete lack of neutralisation against the desert Naja population. Conclusion Our findings highlight the significant influence of ecology and environment on snake venom composition and potency, and stress the pressing need to innovate pan-India effective antivenoms to safeguard the lives, limbs and livelihoods of the country's 200,000 annual snakebite victims. Author summary Annually, India is burdened by the highest number of snake envenomations across the globe, with over 58,000 fatalities and three times the number of morbidities, predominantly affecting the rural agrarian communities. The spectacled cobra (Naja naja) and Russell's viper (Daboia russelii) are responsible for the vast majority of envenomations in the country, in part, due to their near country-wide distributions. In this study, we unveil the astounding differences in venom composition of N. naja from six different biogeographical zones across the country (>6000 km). We provide a comprehensive account of their disparate venom proteomic profiles, biochemical and pharmacological effects, and the associated potencies. Our study uncovers alarming differences in the efficacy of the marketed polyvalent antivenoms in neutralising these venoms, thereby, emphasising the pressing need to develop dose-efficacious and pan-India effective antivenoms for the treatment of snakebites in the country. This study also highlights the significant influence of ecology and diverse environments on the venom variability, insinuating the necessity for innovating cost-effective and pan-India efficacious solutions to safeguard the lives, limbs and livelihoods of India's two hundred thousand annual snakebite victims.
类型	Article
语种	英语
开放获取类型	Green Accepted, gold, Green Published
收录类别	SCI-E
WOS记录号	WOS:000620634200007
WOS类目	Infectious Diseases ; Parasitology ; Tropical Medicine
WOS研究方向	Infectious Diseases ; Parasitology ; Tropical Medicine
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/351372
作者单位	[Laxme, R. R. Senji; Attarde, Saurabh; Khochare, Suyog; Suranse, Vivek; Sunagar, Kartik] Indian Inst Sci, Ctr Ecol Sci, Evolutionary Ven Lab, Bangalore, Karnataka, India; [Martin, Gerard] Liana Trust, Survey 1418-1419 Rathnapuri, Hunsur, Karnataka, India; [Casewell, Nicholas R.] Univ Liverpool Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Ctr Snakebite Res & Intervent, Pembroke Pl, Liverpool, Merseyside, England; [Whitaker, Romulus] Madras Crocodile Bank Trust, Ctr Herpetol, Mamallapuram, Tamil Nadu, India
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Laxme, R. R. Senji,Attarde, Saurabh,Khochare, Suyog,et al. Biogeographical venom variation in the Indian spectacled cobra (Naja naja) underscores the pressing need for pan-India efficacious snakebite therapy[J],2021,15(2).
APA	Laxme, R. R. Senji.,Attarde, Saurabh.,Khochare, Suyog.,Suranse, Vivek.,Martin, Gerard.,...&Sunagar, Kartik.(2021).Biogeographical venom variation in the Indian spectacled cobra (Naja naja) underscores the pressing need for pan-India efficacious snakebite therapy.PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES,15(2).
MLA	Laxme, R. R. Senji,et al."Biogeographical venom variation in the Indian spectacled cobra (Naja naja) underscores the pressing need for pan-India efficacious snakebite therapy".PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES 15.2(2021).