干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): A hydromorphic reevaluation of the forgotten river civilizations of Central Asia

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DOI	10.1073/pnas.2009553117
	A hydromorphic reevaluation of the forgotten river civilizations of Central Asia
	Toonen, Willem H. J.; Macklin, Mark G.; Dawkes, Giles; Durcan, Julie A.; Leman, Max; Nikolayev, Yevgeniy; Yegorov, Alexandr
通讯作者	Toonen, WHJ (corresponding author), Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Earth & Climate Cluster, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. ; Toonen, WHJ (corresponding author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Egyptol Unit, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. ; Macklin, MG (corresponding author), Univ Lincoln, Sch Geog, Lincoln LN6 7DW, England. ; Macklin, MG (corresponding author), Univ Lincoln, Lincoln Ctr Water & Planetary Hlth, Lincoln LN6 7DW, England. ; Macklin, MG (corresponding author), Massey Univ, Inst Agr & Environm, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand.
来源期刊	PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
ISSN	0027-8424
出版年	2020
卷号	117 期号:52 页码:32982-32988
英文摘要	The Aral Sea basin in Central Asia and its major rivers, the Amu Darya and Syr Darya, were the center of advanced river civilizations, and a principal hub of the Silk Roads over a period of more than 2,000 y. The region's decline has been traditionally attributed to the devastating Mongol invasion of the early-13th century CE. However, the role of changing hydroclimatic conditions on the development of these culturally influential potamic societies has not been the subject of modern geoarchaeological investigations. In this paper we report the findings of an interdisciplinary investigation of archaeological sites and associated irrigation canals of the Otrar oasis, a United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage site located at the confluence of the Syr Darya and Arys rivers in southern Kazakhstan. This includes radiometric dating of irrigation canal abandonment and an investigation of Arys river channel dynamics. Major phases of fluvial aggradation, between the seventh and early ninth century CE and between 1350 and 1550 CE coincide with economic flourishing of the oasis, facilitated by wet climatic conditions and higher river flows that favored floodwater farming. Periods of abandonment of the irrigation network and cultural decline primarily correlate with fluvial entrenchment during periods of drought, instead of being related to destructive invasions. Therefore, it seems the great rivers of Central Asia were not just static stage sets for some of the turning points of world history, but in many instances, inadvertently or directly shaped the final outcomes and legacies of imperial ambitions in the region.
英文关键词	floodwater farming Otrar OSL dating Syr Darya fluvial geomorphology
类型	Article
语种	英语
开放获取类型	Green Accepted, Bronze, Green Submitted, Green Published
收录类别	SCI-E ; SSCI
WOS记录号	WOS:000604551600027
WOS关键词	ARAL SEA ; AGE ; IRRIGATION ; COMPONENT ; KAZAKSTAN ; QUARTZ ; OASIS ; SHAN
WOS类目	Multidisciplinary Sciences
WOS研究方向	Science & Technology - Other Topics
来源机构	University of London ; University of Oxford
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/349138
作者单位	[Toonen, Willem H. J.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Earth & Climate Cluster, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands; [Toonen, Willem H. J.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Egyptol Unit, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; [Macklin, Mark G.] Univ Lincoln, Sch Geog, Lincoln LN6 7DW, England; [Macklin, Mark G.] Univ Lincoln, Lincoln Ctr Water & Planetary Hlth, Lincoln LN6 7DW, England; [Macklin, Mark G.] Massey Univ, Inst Agr & Environm, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand; [Macklin, Mark G.] La Trobe Univ, Coll Arts Social Sci & Commerce, Ctr Study Inland, DMBE 116, Bundoora, Vic, Australia; [Dawkes, Giles] UCL, Inst Archaeol, London WC1H 0PY, England; [Durcan, Julie A.] Univ Oxford, Sch Geog & Environm, Oxford OX1 3QY, England; [Leman, Max; Nikolayev, Yevgeniy; Yegorov, Alexandr] Joint Stock Co Inst Geog & Water Safety, Alma Ata 050010, Kazakhstan
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Toonen, Willem H. J.,Macklin, Mark G.,Dawkes, Giles,et al. A hydromorphic reevaluation of the forgotten river civilizations of Central Asia[J]. University of London, University of Oxford,2020,117(52):32982-32988.
APA	Toonen, Willem H. J..,Macklin, Mark G..,Dawkes, Giles.,Durcan, Julie A..,Leman, Max.,...&Yegorov, Alexandr.(2020).A hydromorphic reevaluation of the forgotten river civilizations of Central Asia.PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,117(52),32982-32988.
MLA	Toonen, Willem H. J.,et al."A hydromorphic reevaluation of the forgotten river civilizations of Central Asia".PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 117.52(2020):32982-32988.