干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): Biological safety in the context of backward planetary protection and Mars Sample Return: conclusions from the Sterilization Working Group

Arid

DOI	10.1017/S1473550420000397
	Biological safety in the context of backward planetary protection and Mars Sample Return: conclusions from the Sterilization Working Group
	Craven, Emily; Winters, Martell; Smith, Alvin L.; Lalime, Erin; Mancinelli, Rocco; Shirey, Brian; Schubert, Wayne; Schuerger, Andrew; Burgin, Mariko; Seto, Emily P.; Hendry, Morgan; Mehta, Amruta; Benardini, J. Nick; Ruvkun, Gary
通讯作者	Smith, AL (corresponding author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
来源期刊	INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ASTROBIOLOGY
ISSN	1473-5504
EISSN	1475-3006
出版年	2021
卷号	20 期号:1 页码:1-28
英文摘要	The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the European Space Agency (ESA) are studying how samples might be brought back to Earth from Mars safely. Backward planetary protection is key in this complex endeavour, as it is required to prevent potential adverse effects from returning materials to Earth's biosphere. As the question of whether or not life exists on Mars today or whether it ever did in the past is still unanswered, the effort to return samples from Mars is expected to be categorized as a 'Restricted Earth Return' mission, for which NASA policy requires the containment of any unsterilized material returned to Earth. NASA is investigating several solutions to contain Mars samples and sterilize any uncontained Martian particles. This effort has significant implications for both NASA's scientific mission, and the Earth's environment; and so special care and vigilance are needed in planning and execution in order to assure acceptance of safety to Earth's biosphere. To generate a technically acceptable sterilization process across a wide array of scientific and other stakeholders, on 30-31 January 2019, 10-11 June 2019 and 19-20 February 2020, NASA informally convened a Sterilization Working Group (SWG) composed of experts from industry, academia and government to assess methods for sterilization and inactivation, to identify future work needed to verify these methods against biological challenges, and to determine their feasibility for implementation on robotic spacecraft in deep space. The goals of the SWG were: (1) Understand what it means to sterilize and/or inactivate Martian materials and how that understanding can be applied to the Mars Sample Return (MSR) mission. (2) Assess methods for sterilization and inactivation, and identify future work needed to verify these methods. (3) Provide an effective plan for communicating with other agencies and the public. This paper provides a summary of the discussions and conclusions of the SWG over these three workshops. It reflects a consensus position based on qualitative discussion of how agencies might approach the problem of sterilization of Mars material. The SWG reached a consensus that sterilization options can be considered on the basis of biology as we know it, and that sterilization modalities that are effective on terrestrial materials and organisms should be part of the MSR planetary protection strategy. Conclusions pointed to several industry standards for sterilization to include heat, chemical, UV radiation and low-heat plasma. Technical trade-offs for each sterilization modality were discussed while simultaneously considering the engineering challenges and limitations for spaceflight. Future work includes more in-depth discussions on technical trade-offs of sterilization modalities, identifying and testing Earth analogue challenge organisms and proteinaceous molecules against chosen modalities, and executing collaborative agreements between NASA and external working group partners to help close data gaps, and to establish strong, scientifically grounded sterilization and inactivation standards for MSR.
英文关键词	Category V restricted Earth return inactivation mars sample return planetary protection sterility assurance level sterilization
类型	Article
语种	英语
收录类别	SCI-E
WOS记录号	WOS:000607395700001
WOS关键词	BACILLUS-SUBTILIS SPORES ; LETHALITY RATE CONSTANTS ; ATACAMA DESERT ; MICROBIAL HABITAT ; LIFE DETECTION ; UV RESISTANCE ; DRY HEAT ; D-VALUES ; SURVIVAL ; RADIATION
WOS类目	Astronomy & Astrophysics ; Biology ; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
WOS研究方向	Astronomy & Astrophysics ; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics ; Geology
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/347953
作者单位	[Craven, Emily] Mevex Corp, 108 Willowlea Rd, Stittsville, ON K2S 1B4, Canada; [Winters, Martell] Nelson Labs LLC, 6280 S Redwood Rd, Salt Lake City, UT 84123 USA; [Smith, Alvin L.; Shirey, Brian; Schubert, Wayne; Burgin, Mariko; Seto, Emily P.; Hendry, Morgan; Mehta, Amruta; Benardini, J. Nick] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA; [Lalime, Erin] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA; [Mancinelli, Rocco] Ames Res Ctr, Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA; [Schuerger, Andrew] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA; [Ruvkun, Gary] Harvard Univ, Simches Res Ctr, Dept Mol Biol, Boston, MA 02114 USA
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Craven, Emily,Winters, Martell,Smith, Alvin L.,et al. Biological safety in the context of backward planetary protection and Mars Sample Return: conclusions from the Sterilization Working Group[J],2021,20(1):1-28.
APA	Craven, Emily.,Winters, Martell.,Smith, Alvin L..,Lalime, Erin.,Mancinelli, Rocco.,...&Ruvkun, Gary.(2021).Biological safety in the context of backward planetary protection and Mars Sample Return: conclusions from the Sterilization Working Group.INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ASTROBIOLOGY,20(1),1-28.
MLA	Craven, Emily,et al."Biological safety in the context of backward planetary protection and Mars Sample Return: conclusions from the Sterilization Working Group".INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ASTROBIOLOGY 20.1(2021):1-28.