Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 项目编号 | 31401986 |
| 沙漠公路干扰对白尾地鸦（Podoces biddulphi）生存现状、分布格局及行为模式的影响 | |
| 徐峰 | |
| 主持机构 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| 开始日期 | 2015 |
| 结束日期 | 2017 |
| 资助经费 | 260000(CNY) |
| 项目类别 | 青年科学基金项目 |
| 资助机构 | CN-NSFC（国家自然科学基金） |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 中文简介 | 【中文摘要】白尾地鸦又名新疆地鸦，它分布区有限且种群数量少，是中国特有的珍稀濒危鸟类。由于白尾地鸦主要分布在新疆南部的塔克拉玛干沙漠,相关的研究有限，是急需研究和保护的珍稀濒危物种。近年随着西部大开发等政策的实施，白尾地鸦分布区塔克拉玛干沙漠修建了沙漠公路，人类活动干扰也明显增强。人类干扰背景下白尾地鸦的生存现状如何，沙漠公路及其伴随的人类活动对白尾地鸦产生何种影响是本项目研究的主要问题。本项目计划通过对沙漠多个地点白尾地鸦种群密度与数量进行调查，并与十年前调查结果对比，掌握沙漠公路和人类活动干扰背景下白尾地鸦的生存现状；通过调查距公路不同距离白尾地鸦的密度及对人类活动干扰的忍受程度，掌握公路对白尾地鸦分布及行为的影响，从而了解公路对其产生的影响。通过本项目的开展，对沙漠公路影响下白尾地鸦的生存现状进行评估，并全面调查公路和伴随的人类活动干扰对白尾地鸦影响的过程和结果。 【结题摘要】白尾地鸦（Podoces biddulphi）分布区局限且种群数量少，是中国特有的珍稀濒危鸟类。它主要分布在新疆南部的塔克拉玛干沙漠，相关的研究有限。近年由于沙漠公路的开通和石油开采，白尾地鸦分布区人类活动干扰明显增强。本项目通过研究沙漠公路对白尾地鸦种群数量、分布格局以及行为模式的影响，探讨人类干扰背景下白尾地鸦的生存现状，分析沙漠公路及其伴随的人类活动如何影响白尾地鸦。 研究表明：1）沙漠公路，尤其是有植被防护带的沙漠公路对白尾地鸦的种群数量有显著影响。塔里木盆地中部的沙漠公路有植被防护带，周边白尾地鸦的种群密显著高于塔里木盆地西线没有植被防护带沙漠公路的密度；2）沙漠公路对白尾地鸦的分布格局也有显著影响，距离沙漠公路0-100m、400-500m、900-1000m三个水平白尾地鸦种群密度有显著差异，距离沙漠公路越近白尾地鸦越多，离沙漠公路越远，地鸦种群密度越低。沙漠公路对白尾地鸦有显著的吸附作用；3）沙漠公路以及伴随的人为活动干扰对白尾地鸦的行为模式有显著影响。通过比较沙漠中的绿洲以及定居点、沙漠公路周边、沙漠腹地三个不同区域白尾地鸦的警戒距离和警戒程度（警戒频次及警戒时长），表明人类活动干扰最强的绿洲以及定居点白尾地鸦的警戒距离越短，而警戒程度最高，人类活动干扰最小的沙漠腹地地鸦警戒距离越长，同时警戒程度最代，沙漠公路周边的白尾地鸦居警戒距离和程度中，这表明人类活动干扰显著影响了白尾地鸦的行为。人类活动干扰强地区的白尾地鸦胆量越大的同时警戒程度越高，干扰小的地区白尾地鸦胆量小的同时警戒程度低。 通过本研究，证明了沙漠公路尤其是有植被防护带的沙漠公路对白尾地鸦的影响是复杂而全面的，不仅是简单的负效应。它不但对其数量和分布格局有影响（显著的吸附作用），而且沙漠公路伴随的人类活动还能影响白尾地鸦的行为模式（胆量、警戒频次和时长），这种行为模式的改变很难说是正面还是负面影响，还需要后续的深入研究才能揭示。这为我们研究人类活动对极端环境鸟类的干扰和影响提供了新的角度和思路，并且为中国鸟类特有种的保护提供基础数据。 |
| 英文简介 | The Xinjiang Ground Jay Podoces biddulphi is a bird species endemic to China. It has restricted range, living only in the sandy desert, scrub and desert poplar of the Taklimakan Desert, southern part of Xinjiang, China. The species is classified as Near Threatened in IUCN red list because it is believed to have small population that may be declining because of the human disturbance such as the traffic on the desert highway cross the Taklimakan Desert, extraction of fuelwood, degradation of desert habitats through the intensive grazing of goats and camels. So far, little information has been known of the status and ecology of the bird in the world. The only research about the status of this species was conducted by Ming Ma during the year from 1988 to 2001, and he reported his results in his book “Xinjiang Ground Jay Podoces biddulphi, An endemic species in Taklimakan Desert”. Since then little research was conducted about this species.. In the last 10 years, the human disturbance such as the traffic of the desert highway in the Taklimakan Desert are enhanced, and they have greatly changed the local environment of the desert. Human disturbance have many negative effects on wildlife animals, and they can have an significant effects on wildlife’s population size, habitat, distribution range and behavior. Thus this project plan to study the status of the Podoces biddulphi under enhanced human disturbance, and also we plan to study the results and mechanism of the the desert highway’s disturbance effect on Podoces biddulphi.. By conducting the transects (1000 m X 200 m) in 20 different locations in the Taklimakan Desert, we moniter the population density of the Podoces biddulphi, and compared this data with the data collected in the year of 2011, we can know the status of the Podoces biddulphi of last 10 years under human disturbance. . By conducting the transects (1000 m X 200 m) in 12 different locations along the Taklimakan Desert Highway, we collect the data of the Podoces biddulphi‘s population density in different distance to the desert highway. By doing this we can compare the effect of different disturbance level of the desert highway on bird abundance, and thus we can know how the highway affect the distribution of Podoces biddulphi. . By measuring the alert distance (AD) and also the flight initiation distance (FID) of the Podoces biddulphi in different distance to the desert highway, we analysis how the disturbance effect of desert highway on birds behavior.. In conclusion, in this project we firstly evaluted the status of the Podoces biddulphi last 10 years under disturbance of the desert highway, than by analysis what effects of the highway disturbance on Podoces biddulphi, and how they influenced the birds, we can provide data and support on studing of road effects on wildlife animals. |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 项目 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/346842 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 徐峰.沙漠公路干扰对白尾地鸦（Podoces biddulphi）生存现状、分布格局及行为模式的影响.2015. |
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