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	塔里木盆地南缘新垦农田土壤性状变化及其与小麦产量的关系
其他题名	Dynamic Changes of Soil Properties and Their Relationships with Wheat Yield in the New Reclaimed Farmland in the Southern Tarim Basin
	黄彩变; 严军; 鞠景枫; 岳健; 曾凡江
来源期刊	水土保持学报
ISSN	1009-2242
出版年	2020
卷号	34 期号:2 页码:245-252
中文摘要	以塔里木盆地南缘不同年限新垦农田(10年、20年、30年、40年、50年)为研究对象,以未开垦的荒漠自然土壤为对照,测定0-40cm土层有机质、养分、盐碱等土壤性状,探讨了新垦农田土壤肥力和盐碱变化及其对小麦产量的影响。结果表明:随开垦年限延长,0-20,20-40cm土层有机质含量均呈线性增加,但后者变化幅度相对较小。在0-40cm土层,全氮、有效氮和速效钾含量随时间延长的变化均与有机质含量呈极显著正相关,开垦50年时分别增加88.8%,213.4%,37.5%;有效磷含量在开垦前30年呈线性增加而后又降低,开垦50年时比开垦前增加1 201.2%。荒漠自然土壤(0年)是以Na~+和Cl~-为主的轻度盐渍化土壤,开垦为农田后总盐分含量显著下降,且不同年限间差异不明显,在0-40cm土层平均为0.8g/kg,离子累积转变为以Na~+和HCO_3~-为主。土壤pH在开垦30年(pH为8.85)时比开垦前增加13.4%,之后又显著下降,pH变化与CO_3~(2-)和K~+累积呈显著正相关。新垦农田小麦产量平均为4.79 t/hm~2,与土壤有机质、养分、盐分含量和pH均不相关,但与Na~+、Cl~-含量均呈显著负相关。综上,随开垦时间延长绿洲农田土壤肥力和盐渍化程度已得到明显改善,但0-40cm土层Na~+和Cl~-含量却是影响新垦绿洲小麦产量的主要土壤因子。因此,培肥农田土壤,采取有效措施降低Na~+和Cl~-含量,并防止其再次升高是实现绿洲小麦稳产高产的关键。
英文摘要	In order to detect the dynamic changes of soil fertility and salt alkali and their effects on wheat yield,the newly reclaimed farmland(10,20,30,40and 50years)in the south margin of Tarim Basin were taken as the research object,and the uncultivated desert natural soil was taken as the control,the soil properties,such as organic matter,nutrient and salt alkali of the surface soil(0-40cm)were measured.The results showed that the organic matter content in the surface soil(0-20cm and 20-40cm)increased linearly with the extension of cultivation time,but the change range of organic matter content in 20-40cm soil layer was relatively small.In the 0-40cm soil layer,the changes of the total nitrogen,available nitrogen and available potassium content with time extension were all significantly positively correlated with organic matter content,which increased by 88.8%,213.4and 37.5%in 50years of reclamation respectively compared with that of the native desert soil.Available phosphorus content increased linearly in the initial 30 years after cultivation and then decreased.However,it increased by 1 201.2%in 50years after cultivation compared with the uncultivated soil.The nature desert soil was mildly salinized soil dominated by Na~+and Cl~-.The total salt content decreased sharply after cultivation,and the difference between different years was not obvious,and the average value of which was 0.8g/kg in 0-40cm soil layer.The dominate cation and anion of the cultivated oasis farmland changed to be Na~+and HCO_3~-.The pH value increased by 13.4%in the initial 30years(pH 8.85)compared with the desert soil,and then decreased significantly.The change of pH was positively related with accumulation of CO_3~(2-)and K~+.The average wheat yield in the new reclaimed farmland was 4.79t/hm~2,and which was negatively related to the content of Na~+ and Cl~-,but was not related to the content of soil organic matter,nutrients and total salt as well as pH value.In conclusion,continuous cultivation significantly improved soil fertility and salinization degree.However,the wheat yield was closely related with the content of Na~+ and Cl~-in 0-40cm soil layer.The results suggested that fertilizing oasis farmland soil and taking effective measures to reduce Na~+and Cl~-content from rising again were important to achieve stable and high yield of wheat in the study area.
中文关键词	绿洲新垦农田 ; 有机质 ; 土壤养分 ; 土壤盐分 ; 小麦产量
英文关键词	oasis new reclaimed farmland organic matter soil nutrient soil salinity wheat yield
类型	Article
语种	中文
收录类别	CSCD
WOS研究方向	Agriculture
CSCD记录号	CSCD:6708963
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/336409
作者单位	黄彩变, 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所;;新疆策勒荒漠草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室;;新疆策勒荒漠草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 乌鲁木齐;;策勒, ;;新疆 830011;;848300.; 岳健, 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所;;新疆策勒荒漠草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室;;新疆策勒荒漠草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 乌鲁木齐;;策勒, ;;新疆 830011;;848300.; 曾凡江, 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所;;新疆策勒荒漠草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室;;新疆策勒荒漠草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 乌鲁木齐;;策勒, ;;新疆 830011;;848300.; 严军, 新疆墨玉县农业技术推广中心, 墨玉, 新疆 848100, 中国.; 鞠景枫, 新疆墨玉县农业技术推广中心, 墨玉, 新疆 848100, 中国.
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	黄彩变,严军,鞠景枫,等. 塔里木盆地南缘新垦农田土壤性状变化及其与小麦产量的关系[J],2020,34(2):245-252.
APA	黄彩变,严军,鞠景枫,岳健,&曾凡江.(2020).塔里木盆地南缘新垦农田土壤性状变化及其与小麦产量的关系.水土保持学报,34(2),245-252.
MLA	黄彩变,et al."塔里木盆地南缘新垦农田土壤性状变化及其与小麦产量的关系".水土保持学报 34.2(2020):245-252.