干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 有机无机肥配施对砂田西瓜产量、品质及水氮利用率的影响

Arid

	有机无机肥配施对砂田西瓜产量、品质及水氮利用率的影响
其他题名	Effect of manure combined with chemical fertilizers on fruit yield, fruit quality and water and nitrogen use efficiency in watermelon grown in gravel-mulched field
	杜少平; 马忠明; 薛亮
来源期刊	果树学报
ISSN	1009-9980
出版年	2020
卷号	37 期号:3 页码:380-389
中文摘要	【目的】促进黄土高原干旱半干旱区砂田西瓜水氮高效利用和可持续性生产,探索适宜的有机氮替代无机氮水平。【方法】2016-2017年在甘肃省皋兰县砂田西瓜主产区进行了连续2 a的大田试验,设置了6个处理:单施化学氮肥不施有机肥(OF-0%)、有机肥25%替代化学氮肥(OF-25%)、有机肥50%替代化学氮肥(OF-50%)、有机肥75%替代化学氮肥(OF-75%)、有机肥100%替代化学氮肥(OF-100%)和不施氮肥对照(CK),研究了有机氮替代无机氮对砂田西瓜生长、产量、品质及水氮利用效率的影响。【结果】在200 kg·hm~(-2)施氮水平下,有机肥氮替代处理对砂田西瓜增产增效作用显著,与单施化肥相比,50%~100%替代处理西瓜成活率提高了26.47%~34.16%,增产63.2%~156.6%,果实可溶性糖含量提高18.1%~27.1%,氮素利用率提高了16.5%~18.5%,水分利用效率提高了93.5%~176.3%。【结论】在相等的总氮量投入下,50%~100%是该地区20 a砂田西瓜有机氮替代无机氮的适宜水平,建议在生产中推广应用。
英文摘要	【Objective】The use of gravel-sand mulch is a traditional water conservation technique that has been used for centuries in the loess region of northwestern China.A porous layer of gravel and sand about 10 cm thick on the soil surface could reduce the risk of crop failure, which frequently occurs due to a combination of low precipitation and high evaporation that creates severe soil moisture deficits.The gravel-sand mulch could effectively reduce evaporation and runoff, and increase the soil temperature and retain soil moisture.However, because of covering sand layer, it also increases the difficulty of applying farmyard manure.Therefore, the traditional fertilization in this region involves chiefly application of chemical fertilizer, while organic fertilizers are neglected.Long-term surfeit use of excessive chemical fertilizer worsens the physical property of soil, causing soil hardening and leanness.Therefore,drought stress, low fertilizer efficiency and imbalanced fertilization are the limiting factors in gravel-mulched fields.This study examined the effect of the application of manure combined with chemical fertilizers on fruit yield, quality and water and nitrogen use efficiency of watermelon in gravel-mulched field under the same amount of nutrient application.【Methods】A two-year field experiment was conducted in Gaolan, Gansu Province, China, where watermelon cultivation in gravel-mulched fields has a long history.A late mature watermelon cultivarXi Sha Rui Bao'was used as the material and given 6 fertilization treatments:OF-0%, N fertilizer without organic fertilizer; OF-25%, substitution 25% inorganic-N with organic-N; OF-50%, substitution 50% inorganic-N with organic-N; OF-75%, substitution 75% inorganic-N with organic-N; OF-100%, substitution 100% inorganic-N with organic-N; and CK,no N fertilizer.The treatments were arranged in a randomized manner with three replicates, and the area of test plots was 32 m~2.The amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium applied were 200 kg·hm~(-2),170 kg ·hm~(-2) and 260 kg ·hm~(-2), respectively.The growth target, yield, quality and the use efficiency of water and N fertilizer of watermelon were determined.【Results】The emergence rate and survival rate of watermelon seedlings increased with the increased application amount of farmyard manure.Compared to chemical fertilizer, 50%-100% substitution of inorganic-N with organic-N improved the survive rate of watermelon by 26.47%-34.16%.Meanwhile, the above-ground dry matter also increased with the addition of farmyard manure in vegetative stage, which was advantageous to the formation ofsource'.The watermelon yield in the treatments with 50%-100% substitution of inorganic-N with organic-N was increased by 63.2%-156.6% compared with N fertilizer without organic fertilizer.Meanwhile, the watermelon quality in treatments with 50%-100% substitution inorganic-N with organic-N was superior to that in treatments with no organic fertilizer.For example, the contents of sugars, effective acids and vitamin C increased by 18.1%-27.1%, 3.4%-5.3% and 18.6%-37.6% respectively, suggesting that organic fertilizer plays an important role in quality formation in watermelon.Total nitrogen in watermelon increased significantly by 58.8%-91.9% at fruit stage, and by 106.2%-119.1% at mature stage, in treatments with 50%-100% substitution of inorganic-N with organic-N.Nitrogen transportation amount was increased significantly by 46.4%-223.8%, and nitrogen fertilizer recovery efficiency by 6.9%-18.5% by applying organic fertilizer.
中文关键词	西瓜 ; 有机无机肥配施 ; 砂田 ; 产量 ; 品质 ; 水氮利用效率
英文关键词	Watermelon Organic manure combined application of chemical fertilizer Gravel-mulched field Yield Quality Water and nitrogen use efficiency
类型	Article
语种	中文
收录类别	CSCD
WOS研究方向	Agriculture
CSCD记录号	CSCD:6690293
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/336348
作者单位	杜少平, 甘肃省农业科学院蔬菜研究所, 兰州, 甘肃 730070, 中国.; 马忠明, 甘肃省农业科学院, 兰州, 甘肃 730070, 中国.; 薛亮, 甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所, 兰州, 甘肃 730070, 中国.
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	杜少平,马忠明,薛亮. 有机无机肥配施对砂田西瓜产量、品质及水氮利用率的影响[J],2020,37(3):380-389.
APA	杜少平,马忠明,&薛亮.(2020).有机无机肥配施对砂田西瓜产量、品质及水氮利用率的影响.果树学报,37(3),380-389.
MLA	杜少平,et al."有机无机肥配施对砂田西瓜产量、品质及水氮利用率的影响".果树学报 37.3(2020):380-389.