干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): Importance of cryosphere water resources to China's socio-economy: Based on multi-level basins analysis

Arid

DOI	10.1360/TB-2020-0073
	Importance of cryosphere water resources to China's socio-economy: Based on multi-level basins analysis
	Huang, Yi; Xiao, Cunde; Su, Bo; Xu, Zhanghua
通讯作者	Xiao, CD
来源期刊	CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE
ISSN	0023-074X
EISSN	2095-9419
出版年	2020
卷号	65 期号:24 页码:2636-2650
英文摘要	Cryosphere water resources (CWR) play indispensable roles in ecological security and socio-economic development in cold and arid regions of the world. The amount of melt water will continue to decrease once it reaches the maximum (peak water) due to climate change, while the sustainable and rapid development of socio-economy puts higher demand for water resources, which causes an increasing risk of regional water shortage. Therefore, a national assessment on the relationship between CWR and socio-economy is notable. The supply and demand of CWR are linked at the river basin scale, although the upper, middle and lower reaches of the river vary in the contribution of CWR to water availability. Here we analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of China's CWR and the spatial-temporal patterns of population and GDP in cryosphere-fed-areas (CFA) at three-level basins scale. Then we present an Importance Index, which ranks all basins in terms of their water-supplying role and the downstream dependence of socio-economy. We conclude that: (1) CFA covers 7 primary basins, 38 secondary basins and 84 tertiary basins in China. (2) The top three with large glacier reserves are Tarim River, Qiangtang Plateau and the Yalu Tsangpo River Basin. Central Tibetan Plateau and the Songhua River Basin have high permafrost coverage. Songhua River Basin, northern Xinjiang and the southwest of the Tibetan Plateau have large average snow depth. (3) In 2015, population and GDP in CFA are about 263 million and 11.4 trillion yuan respectively, accounting for 23.1% and 16.5% of the total China, mainly distribute in the southeast and north of the boundary of the first and second steps and the north of the third step of topography of China. From 1995 to 2015, the proportion of population in the CFA increased from 24.4% to 26.8%, while the proportion of GDP in the whole country decreased from 21% to 19%. (4) For the CFA, the larger the socio-economic amounts, the higher the importance of water resources. However, the amount of water supply does not completely match the socio-economic distribution. Although the cryosphere water resources are abundant in the southwest of Tibetan Plateau, the socio-economic demand is small, representing a lower water service there. We have noticed that at the secondary basin scale, 26.8% of people were populated in the CFA, and nearly one-fifth (19%) of economic activities took place there in 2015. This indicates a lager dependence on CWR in socio-economy, especially in the arid northwest China. These conclusions quantitatively support the previous understanding. However, the multi-scale method we used can analyze the small watershed deeply. For example, the Huntai River Basin are of great importance due to its high water supply and demand index, which is conducive to guiding the optimal allocation of water resources and a deep understanding of the importance of water resources.
英文关键词	cryosphere cryosphere melt water resources population GDP cryospheric functions
类型	Article
语种	中文
开放获取类型	Bronze
收录类别	ESCI
WOS记录号	WOS:000565891900012
WOS关键词	GLACIERS ; RUNOFF
WOS类目	Multidisciplinary Sciences
WOS研究方向	Science & Technology - Other Topics
来源机构	北京师范大学
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/334576
作者单位	[Huang, Yi; Xiao, Cunde; Su, Bo] Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China; [Huang, Yi; Xu, Zhanghua] Fuzhou Univ, Coll Environm & Resources, Fuzhou 350108, Peoples R China
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Huang, Yi,Xiao, Cunde,Su, Bo,et al. Importance of cryosphere water resources to China's socio-economy: Based on multi-level basins analysis[J]. 北京师范大学,2020,65(24):2636-2650.
APA	Huang, Yi,Xiao, Cunde,Su, Bo,&Xu, Zhanghua.(2020).Importance of cryosphere water resources to China's socio-economy: Based on multi-level basins analysis.CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE,65(24),2636-2650.
MLA	Huang, Yi,et al."Importance of cryosphere water resources to China's socio-economy: Based on multi-level basins analysis".CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 65.24(2020):2636-2650.