干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): CLIMATIC OPTIMUM AS A FACTOR OF THE ECONOMIC CRISIS OF STEPPE NOMADS IN THE 4th CENTURY AD

Arid

DOI	10.15688/jvolsu4.2019.3.4
	CLIMATIC OPTIMUM AS A FACTOR OF THE ECONOMIC CRISIS OF STEPPE NOMADS IN THE 4th CENTURY AD
	Krivosheev, Mikhail V.; Borisov, Aleksandr V.
通讯作者	Krivosheev, MV
来源期刊	VOLGOGRADSKII GOSUDARSTVENNYI UNIVERSITET-VESTNIK-SERIYA 4-ISTORIYA REGIONOVEDENIE MEZHDUNARODNYE OTNOSHENIYA
ISSN	1998-9938
EISSN	2312-8704
出版年	2019
卷号	24 期号:3 页码:47-57
英文摘要	Introduction. Archaeological sites of the 4th century AD absent on most of the area of the Late Sarmatian culture. This may be both due to the difficulties of their identification and absence of chronological indicators and due to migrations of nomads from the steppe zone. Perhaps unfavorable climatic conditions for nomadic cattle breeding affected the decrease in the number of nomadic population in the 4th century AD. Methods and materials. The paleosoil data allow reconstructing the ecological situation in dry and desert steppes in the first centuries AD. The initial stage of the Late Sarmatian era (the late 2nd - the early 3rd centuries AD) was marked by arid conditions with cold winters with little snow, which were favorable for cattle breeding in the steppe zone. In the late 3rd century and at the turn of the 3rd - 4th centuries, the processes of humidization began - an increase in climate humidity, which favorably affected the ecological situation in the steppe: high grass, area watering. Such situation provided successful livestock grazing in summer. However, in winter, an increase in humidity led to heavy snowfalls and snowstorms, an increase in snow cover, frequent winter thaws, rain, fog, that were replaced by periods of cooling. At this time, grass icing and ice crust formation occured. Analysis. In those conditions, the number of days, when cattle grazing was impossible, increased. As a consequence, there was weakening and disease of the livestock, until the complete loss of the herd. This was followed by the decrease of population. Results. The humidization processes primarily affected the Southern Urals and in the final of the 3rd century reached the Volga-Don steppes. This could be the reason for the outflow of the Late Sarmatian population from the Southern Urals to the Volga regions. In the 4th century AD, the steppes from the Urals to the Lower Don were practically depopulated. The beginning of the humid period, which was unfavorable for the nomadic economy, had a positive effect on settled agricultural societies. The Early Alanian culture of the Central Caucasus demonstrates the dynamics of active development throughout the Late Sarmatian period, including in the 4th c. AD. The duration of this humid period is difficult to estimate, however, in the Hun Epoch, steppes remained almost uninhabited, as evidenced by the small number of sites of this time.
英文关键词	Sarmatians Late Sarmatian culture soil science environmental situation aridization humidization
类型	Article
语种	Russian
开放获取类型	DOAJ Gold
收录类别	ESCI
WOS记录号	WOS:000473308100004
WOS类目	History
WOS研究方向	History
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/333638
作者单位	[Krivosheev, Mikhail V.] Volgograd State Univ, Lab Archaeol Res, Prosp Univ 100, Volgograd 400062, Russia; [Borisov, Aleksandr V.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Phys Chem & Biol Problems Soil Sci, Lab Archaeol Soil Sci, Inst Skaya St 2, Pushchino 142290, Moscow Region, Russia
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Krivosheev, Mikhail V.,Borisov, Aleksandr V.. CLIMATIC OPTIMUM AS A FACTOR OF THE ECONOMIC CRISIS OF STEPPE NOMADS IN THE 4th CENTURY AD[J],2019,24(3):47-57.
APA	Krivosheev, Mikhail V.,&Borisov, Aleksandr V..(2019).CLIMATIC OPTIMUM AS A FACTOR OF THE ECONOMIC CRISIS OF STEPPE NOMADS IN THE 4th CENTURY AD.VOLGOGRADSKII GOSUDARSTVENNYI UNIVERSITET-VESTNIK-SERIYA 4-ISTORIYA REGIONOVEDENIE MEZHDUNARODNYE OTNOSHENIYA,24(3),47-57.
MLA	Krivosheev, Mikhail V.,et al."CLIMATIC OPTIMUM AS A FACTOR OF THE ECONOMIC CRISIS OF STEPPE NOMADS IN THE 4th CENTURY AD".VOLGOGRADSKII GOSUDARSTVENNYI UNIVERSITET-VESTNIK-SERIYA 4-ISTORIYA REGIONOVEDENIE MEZHDUNARODNYE OTNOSHENIYA 24.3(2019):47-57.