干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): Viability of karezes (ancient water supply systems in Afghanistan) in a changing world

Arid

DOI	10.1007/s13201-015-0336-5
	Viability of karezes (ancient water supply systems in Afghanistan) in a changing world
	Macpherson, G. L.; Johnson, W. C.; Liu, Huan
通讯作者	Macpherson, GL
来源期刊	APPLIED WATER SCIENCE
ISSN	2190-5487
EISSN	2190-5495
出版年	2017
卷号	7 期号:4 页码:1689-1710
英文摘要	The Afghanistan population living far from rivers relies upon groundwater delivered from karezes (sub-horizontal tunnels). Karezes exploit unconfined groundwater in alluvial fans recharged largely by snowmelt from the Hindu Kush, the central mountain range of the country. Since the multi-year drought that began in 1998, many karezes have stopped flowing. This study characterizes the hydraulics of a kariz, the potential for reduced groundwater recharge because of climate change, and the impact of increasing population on kariz water production. A typical kariz in Afghanistan is 1-2 km long with a cross-section of 1-2 m(2) and gradient of 1 m km(-1). MODFLOW simulations show that water delivery from a kariz can be modeled by imposing a high ratio of kariz hydraulic conductivity to aquifer hydraulic conductivity on the cells representing the kariz. The model is sensitive to hydraulic conductivity, kariz gradient, and length of the kariz in contact with the water table. Precipitation data are scarce in Afghanistan, but regional data show a long-term trend of decreased snow cover, and therefore strong likelihood of decreased aquifer recharge. Population in Afghanistan has increased at a rate of about 2.2 % over the past several decades. An assessment of a six-district region within Kandahar Province where karezes are the most likely source of water indicates that water demand could have caused water tables to decline by 0.8-5.6 m, more than enough to cause karezes to stop flowing. These results suggest that kariz water production is not sustainable under current climate-and population-growth trends.
英文关键词	Kariz Qanat Water resources Arid regions Climate change Population growth
类型	Article
语种	英语
开放获取类型	DOAJ Gold
收录类别	ESCI
WOS记录号	WOS:000411095500011
WOS关键词	KABUL BASIN ; GROUNDWATER ; PRECIPITATION ; TEMPERATURE ; CLIMATE ; QANATS ; TRENDS ; ASIA
WOS类目	Water Resources
WOS研究方向	Water Resources
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/332264
作者单位	[Macpherson, G. L.; Liu, Huan] Univ Kansas, Dept Geol, 1475 Jayhawk Blvd,Rm 120 Lindley Hall, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA; [Johnson, W. C.] Univ Kansas, Dept Geog, 1475 Jayhawk Blvd,Rm 120 Lindley Hall, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Macpherson, G. L.,Johnson, W. C.,Liu, Huan. Viability of karezes (ancient water supply systems in Afghanistan) in a changing world[J],2017,7(4):1689-1710.
APA	Macpherson, G. L.,Johnson, W. C.,&Liu, Huan.(2017).Viability of karezes (ancient water supply systems in Afghanistan) in a changing world.APPLIED WATER SCIENCE,7(4),1689-1710.
MLA	Macpherson, G. L.,et al."Viability of karezes (ancient water supply systems in Afghanistan) in a changing world".APPLIED WATER SCIENCE 7.4(2017):1689-1710.